Abstract Semantic ontologies have been widely utilized as crucial tools within natural language processing, underpinning applications such as knowledge extraction, question answering, machine translation, text comprehension, information retrieval, and text summarization. While the Kurdish language, a low-resource language, has been the subject of some ontological research in other dialects, a semantic web ontology for the Badini dialect remains conspicuously absent. This paper addresses this gap by presenting a methodology for constructing and utilizing a semantic web ontology for the Badini dialect of the Kurdish language. A Badini annotated corpus (UOZBDN) was created and manually annotated with part-of-speech (POS) tags. Subsequently, an HMM-based POS tagger model was developed using the UOZBDN corpus and applied to annotate additional text for ontology extraction. Ontology extraction was performed by employing predefined rules to identify nouns and verbs from the model-annotated corpus and subsequently forming semantic predicates. Robust methodologies were adopted for ontology development, resulting in a high degree of precision. The POS tagging model attained an accuracy of 95.04% when applied to the UOZBDN corpus. Furthermore, a manual evaluation conducted by Badini Kurdish language experts yielded a 97.42% accuracy rate for the extracted ontology.

ABSTRACT: The notable growth of the digital communities and different online news streams led to the growing availability of online natural language content. However not all natural languages have the enough attention of being made readable and comprehendible to machines. Among these less resourced and paid attention languages is the Kurdish language. Creating the machine-readable text is the first step toward applications of text mining and semantic web, such as translation, information retrieval and recommendation systems. With the de facto challenges in the Kurdish language, such as the scarcity of linguistic sources and not having unified orthography rules, this language has a lack of the language processing tools. However, to overcome the mentioned challenges and enable intelligent applications the well organized and annotated Kurdish text corpora is needed. This review paper investigates the available textual corpora in the Kurdish language and its dialects and then determined challenges are discussed, open problems are listed and future directions suggested.

This paper focuses on designing and implementing a system for recently emerging video transmission by wireless networks parameters. Such parameters are considering packet loss rate, bandwidth, and delay, as well as the quality of server (QoS), which eventually contributed to the user's quality of experience (QoE). The signals of the captured video by cameras send to the server host than to be displayed and broadcasted to the client-host. This system overcomes several problems as delay, packet loss rate, and bandwidth by resources and destinations through controlling the permissions and broadcasting, as well as monitoring the configuration of the system during broadcasting. The advantage of this system is to improve application software to be used in a friendly use with as maximum as possible of flexibility and full optional controlling to get complete features of the video broadcasting systems. The system controls the problems of delay, loss rate, and bandwidth between source and destination, through controlling the permissions, broadcasting, and monitoring when configuration of the system during broadcasting. The synchronization between two sides of the wireless network was achieved when incoming signals from the cameras to the server-side and broadcasting these signals to the client-side. Eventually, this system enables the administrator to monitor the dataflow from server-side to client-side and apply compressing with many compression techniques on the incoming and broadcasted signals.