Magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) have been utilized to mediate Fumaria officinalis L., a plant known for its rich source of various phytogredients such as diterpenes, nor-diterpenoids, tri-terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. These natural compounds act as capping, reducing, and stabilizing agents, offering an affordable and safer approach to synthesize nanoparticles in line with sustainable and eco-friendly concepts, such as green nanoparticles. The cost-effective synthesized nanoparticles were employed to adsorb Pb(II) from an aqueous solution. For investigating the surface characteristics of the adsorbent, a range of techniques were employed, including Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and X-ray Diffraction. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was specifically applied to discern the functional groups present within the compounds. To optimize the adsorption process and achieve the best removal efficiency (R%), several parameters, including pH, initial concentration, temperature, and contact time, were optimized using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The experimental results indicated that the Langmuir isotherm provided a well-fitted model, suggesting a monolayer of Pb(II) capping on the surface of magnetite nanoparticles, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 147.1 mg/g. Moreover, the kinetic findings demonstrated a strong alignment with the pseudo-second-order model. The computed (qe) and observed outcomes associated with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model exhibited a commendable concurrence, underscoring the model’s remarkable precision in forecasting the adsorption mechanism of Pb(II) within the examined parameters. The antioxidant activity and green nanocomposite properties were determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and standard analytical methods. The phytochemical profile exhibited a total phenolic content of 596 ± 0.001 mg GAE/g dry weight and a total flavonoid content of 18.25 ± 0.001 mg QE/g dry weight. The DPPH radical’s inhibition showed potent antioxidant activity at various concentrations (44.74, 73.86, 119.791, and 120.16% at 200, 400, 600, and 800 μg/mL, respectively), demonstrating the potential of the plant as a natural capping and reducing agent during the green process of nanoparticle formation.

Rose Bengal (RB) was intended to be degraded by the use of photo catalysis process which is proposed to be mediated by ZnO and irradiated under ultraviolet light. The absorbance measurement was used to estimate degradation efficiency. The catalytic activity was studied with the condition of dye concentration, photocatalyst loading capacity, pH of dye solution, irradiation time and temperature. The progress of the reaction was observed spectrophotometrically at 547 nm. In addition, the kinetics of the degradation dye was examined and the degradation was found to follow first order kinetic model at 547 nm. It was found that the dye degradation gave the best results at a pH of 9, and with 0.05 g/dm3 ZnO. At room temperature, the photocatalytic degradation rate constant of RB dye was k = 0.0282 min–1 .

In this work, a modest method for creating Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by recycling car batteries is used. Trying to get rid of some structures or materials which are harm to the environment. However, by reusing car batteries we will avoid the disposal of toxic battery materials and provide an alternative technique, readily-available Pb source for fabricating PSCs. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were prepared by two-step spin coating solution method on the FTO glass substrate. Lead iodide (PbI2) and methyl-ammonum iodide (CH3NH3I) used to form the structure of the precursor (CH3NH3PbI3). The photovoltaic performance of PSCs and the effect of chemical composition of perovskite layer on performance of PSCs was investigated. Characterization of PSCs by using X-ray diffraction, SEM and the effect of chemical composition on of MAPI films was achieved. It was found that the thickness ratio of (PbI2/MAI) with 3.0:1 have highest fill factor and maximum efficiency.

A nanodrop spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for determination of Valsartan (VAL) in both bulk and tablet dosage form. Using methanol as a solvent, valsartan's maximum absorption was observed at 243 nm. The developed method was found to be linear (R2 = 0.9999) within the concentration range of 10-50 µg/mL. The precision study gives RSD less than 1%. The LOD and LOQ values were 0.34 and 1.14 g/mL, respectively. The accuracy study revealed that Valsartan commercial products had a remarkable recovery rate of more than 98%. The current method was successfully applied for valsartan stability indication study in Arbiten, Lastavin, Tabuvan, Extra, and Diostar products commonly found in pharmacies in Iraq's Kurdistan area. The stability-indicating study was investigated under acidic, basic, oxidative, photolytic, and thermal conditions. The results of all products showed that VAL is unstable in acidic, alkaline, and oxidative conditions under heating at 60℃ up to 3 hrs. While under photolytic and thermal conditions, the degradation percentage was more than 15% indicating to the instability of VAL in all products tablets in accordance to ICH International Conference on Harmonization guideline of drugs.

A new method was developed and validated utilizing Nanodrop 2000 spectrophotometric for the measurement of Atorvastatin calcium trihydrate (ACT) in both bulk and tablet dosage forms. Atorvastatin's highest absorption was observed at 243 nm using Methanol as a solvent. The developed method was discovered to be linear (R2 = 0.9997) between 5 and 25 μg/mL in terms of concentration. Acceptable RSD% values (less than 0.5%) are provided by the precision and accuracy research. The results showed that the LOD and LOQ were, respectively, 0.446 and 1.488 μg/mL. The essay analysis revealed excellent recovery at around 98% for drug products in commercial tablets. It can be concluded that the present method is acceptable according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines for drugs.

A new method was developed and validated utilizing Nanodrop 2000 spectrophotometric for the measurement of Atorvastatin calcium trihydrate (ACT) in both bulk and tablet dosage forms. Atorvastatin's highest absorption was observed at 243 nm using Methanol as a solvent. The developed method was discovered to be linear (R2 = 0.9997) between 5 and 25 μg/mL in terms of concentration. Acceptable RSD% values (less than 0.5%) are provided by the precision and accuracy research. The results showed that the LOD and LOQ were, respectively, 0.446 and 1.488 μg/mL. The essay analysis revealed excellent recovery at around 98% for drug products in commercial tablets. It can be concluded that the present method is acceptable according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines for drugs.

The present study was designed to optimize the adsorption of arsenic onto potato peel derived activated carbon (MPP-AC) by employing response surface method and central composite design. Adsorbent of cheap and locally available potato residue was produced based on chemical activation with H3PO4subsequently carbonization to produce the porous activated carbon. The individual and interactive effects of five variables including initial arsenic concentration, temperature, time, dosage amount and pH of the medium were investigated. Based on the statistic analysis (ANOVA), the quadratic model was developed associating the adsorption capacity (qe). The optimum conditions were obtained of 9.98 mg L-1of initial As (V) concentration, 28 °C of temperature, 39.7 min of time, 0.97 g of adsorbent dose and 7.3 of pH. The maximum adsorption capacity was 0.27 mg g-1and 76.5% removal efficiency. The equilibrium isotherms and kinetic studies for estimating the mechanism of process demonstrated a good fit to Langmuir model and the pseudo-second order, respectively. The results of this study showed that the feasibility of central composite design (CCD) to control adsorption process and indicated the use of activated carbon of potato residue have important implications for As (V) removal.