* Work in the Research and Studies Committee at the College of Political Science / University of Mosul 2005.
* Member of the examination committee at the Faculty of Humanities / University of Zakho 2011and 2016.
* Visiting Lecturer/ Newruz University 2017.
* Member of the Scientific Committee at ((the September Revolution Conference))/ University of Zakho 2017.
*Discipline Committee Faculty of the Humanities/ University of Zakho 2017-2018.
* A Coordinator of the History Department /Humanities Studies / University of Zakho 2017-2018.
Abstract
The Persian Gulf is a vital market for Chinese goods, Beijing’s primary energy
supplier, and a region crucial to China’s Belt and Road Initiative. The region has
long been divided by intense rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia, resulting in
tension and sectarian conflict. China is the only external power with strong political
and economic ties with all Gulf countries. Consequently, the desire of both Iran and
Saudi Arabia for closer relations with China poses a challenge. China recognizes
that establishing strategic ties with these countries can spread Chinese influence
and guarantee a stable oil supply. Although China once focused exclusively on the
economic dimension of its ties with Gulf states, it now prioritizes strengthening
these relationships across multiple dimensions to safeguard its interests. This shift
was epitomized by China’s 2023 brokering of an agreement to restore diplomatic
ties between Iran and Saudi Arabia.
Keywords Persian gulf · China · Iran · Saudi arabia · Rivalry
2026-02
Journal of STEPS for Huminities and Social Sciences
(Issue : 2)
(Volume : 2)
The First Pioneers (founders) of the Realist School (Thucydides, Machiavelli, Hobbes)
The realism school is the most significant school of thought in international relations. Realism has attempted to provide a more realistic scientific method than the idealist school (the school that concentrated on morals in international relations) to study and understand international relations and international politics, which led to its emergence and dominance in international relations study.The realism school became the dominant school in international relations after World War II, and realism was born as a response to the idealist school that dominated international relations in the aftermath of World War I. The realist school sees international relations primarily as a conflict between sovereign states and self-interests that participate in the game of power politics within an international system based on anarchy in the absence of supreme authority.The international system, according to this school of thought, is an environment devoid of morals and values in which the state is seen as a rational and unifying actor, as the state finds itself in perpetual conflict with the other states in the system due to the lack of an overarching world government (a supreme authority).Judging by their pessimistic view of human nature, the only way to achieve security in the international system, according to political realism, is for states to seek to increase their power and create a balance of power.The realist school of international relations has claimed that Thucydides, Machiavelli, and Hobbes are the actual ancestors of this school and based this claim on the fact that the fundamental beliefs and opinions of these philosophers and political thinkers can be classified as purely realistic. Despite not adopting the school of realism, they are considered the three preeminent realist thinkers' pre-twentieth-century.
For years, China and the United States have clashed on various issues, including
trade, technology and the South China Sea. Strategic competition between the two
superpowers had intensified under the Donald Trump administration, leading to
worsening Sino–American bilateral relations. These tensions created resentment
on both sides that influenced the respective country’s policies across a range of
issues and led to a new phase of the conflict that some strategists had already
characterised as a new Cold War.
2023-07
Tikrit Journal for Political Science
(Issue : 32)
(Volume : 2)
Domestic Terrorism in the United States of America after the Attacks September 11, 2001 (A statistical study of the role of the extreme right)
The United States of America faces many internal threats and challenges, and terrorism is one of the most significant challenges and threats. The years following the attacks of (September 11, 2001) witnessed a substantial decrease in the rate of external (foreign) terrorism in the United States, at a time when domestic terrorism witnessed an apparent rise at unprecedented rates in the last two decades. There are four main categories of ideologies in the United States of America: the far right, the far left, religious extremism, and ethnic extremism. The far right is the first and most significant challenge and threat to the United States, as the operations and attacks of this wing have increased rapidly in terms of quality and quantity. Within this wing, there are many movements, and white extremists and anti-government extremists are considered the most critical movements. It is a statistical study that tries to shed light on domestic terrorism in the United States of America after the 11 September 2001 attacks by collecting data from American formal and informal institutions. The study utilizes the quantitative approach as a tool for analyzing these data.
2023-06
Journal of Afro-Asian Studies
(Issue : 12)
Obama's Strategy Towards China "Containment Strategy"
China's rise in the Asia-Pacific region is considered a significant threat to U.S. national security
and the U.S. allies in this region. China's military capabilities have become a real threat to U.S.
national interests worldwide. Within a decade, China may replace the United States as a military
power in the Asia-Pacific region which has strategic importance to the United States.
The U.S. strategic analysis assumed that China took advantage of the 2008 financial crisis.
Another assumption was that the United States had focused heavily on the Middle East in its war
against terror, giving China more flexibility to interfere in the Asia-Pacific region and disrupt
the balance of power.
The Obama administration's strategy has been classified under different concepts such as pivot
strategy, rebalance strategy, new engagement strategy, and Containment strategy.
This paper explores Obama's strategy as a containment strategy towards China. To achieve this
strategy, Obama's administration paid equal attention to soft and hard power as tools to contain
China's raising. Thus, this administration tried to accomplish this strategy by relying on
political-diplomacy, economic, security-military, and alliances. The main key factor that helped
Washington in its efforts to contain China was the regional willingness to embrace America as a
counterbalancing power to China's geopolitical ambitions.
2022-02
Review of International Geographical Education Online
(Issue : 4)
(Volume : 11)
Since 1949, China has established four grand strategies such as revolution strategy (1949-1978), recovering strategy (1978-1989), building national capabilities (1990-2003), and rejuvenation strategy (2004-up to now). It can be noticed that these strategies have some differences, but they still have some common and sustainable goals, which aimed to have achieved them for decades. The Chinese strategy of rejuvenation consists of three principles and interests that China seeks to achieve. Among these constants, Security's principles and interests are Security to protect the political regime and national Security, Sovereignty to safeguard the Chinese Sovereignty and territorial integrity of China's integrity, and development to maintain a favorable international environment for China to achieve sustainable economic development. China resorts to all its capabilities (economic, diplomatic, military, technology.
2021-03
Humanities Journal of University of Zakho (HJUOZ)
(Issue : 2018)
Formal and Informal Institutions making Public Policy.
Abstract
The policy-making process is very complex because of the multiplicity of actors involved in. There are formal and informal institutions which participate in this process. Formal public policymakers include three brunches such as; (legislative, executive, and judicial) and informal public policymakers such as; (interest groups, political parties, and public opinion) are increasing and decreasing their role and influence rely on the existing
political system and the existing political environment. The branches (legislative, executive and judicial) play the main role in public policy-
making in democratic regimes, and informal public policymakers (interest groups, political parties, and public opinion) have a significant and influential role in policymaking in these regimes. In undemocratic regimes, the hegemony of public policy-making is unilaterally represented by the executive branch. The roles of the legislative and judicial branches are absent. With regards to the informal public policymakers and their roles are almost disappear in these regimes because they do not have the obvious roles to be mentioned, and they are Jus tools for these regimes. Keywords: Public Policies, Formal institutions, Informal institutions, Democratic Systems, Non-Democratic Systems, Developed Countries, Developing countries.
2018-08
Journal of the Kurdish Academy.
(Issue : 2018)
(Volume : 40)
Turkish elites' policy towards Kurdish identity (comparative political study).
Turkish ruling elite's policy towards the Kurdish identity
The Kurdish issue has occupied since the founding of the modern. Turkish state advanced rank on the list of priorities of successive Turkish elites, this issue has formed a security concern, politically and socially for the majority of these elites and become a source of anxiety and turmoil.
Turkish elites' policy has different on how to deal with this issue. Although these elites have preferred the military option, that option has not cancelled asylum Turkish elites in some stages of its dealings to peaceful solutions to this issue through the confession of Kurdish identity, especially after the arrest of Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) leader Abdullah Ocalan. During the rule of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) has issued more than a peace initiative with the Kurdistan Workers' Party and many of the initiatives of the ceasefire between the parties of conflict (AKP and PKK), and calls from the leader of the Kurdistan Workers' Party to lay down their arms and advocacy to resolve the issue peacefully.
2018-07
Conference
International conference Stability in the Eurasian Region and National Security under post-pandemic era
For decades, the Middle East, an area where the US has been the predominant external actor, occupies a space in which China has sought to forge close ties with emerging regional powers to secure access to vital energy resources, expand its commercial reach, and enhance its political influence. Since the Obama administration, the United States of America has been trying to disengage from the Middle East Region (Rebalance or Pivot Strategy). This trend has led the regional powers including Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey to seek new allies and compete more fiercely. China is the biggest winner in the Middle East Post-America. Beijing is the largest buyer of the region's oil, and the Middle East markets consider one of the most important markets for Chinese goods. Currently, China is the only external power with strong political and trade relations with each major country in the Middle East. For Washington, this means that the Middle East is re-emerging as an arena for great power competition
International Order and Cross-Strait relations after COVID-19 pandemic
The Covid-19 pandemic's widespread represents the most severe pandemic in the 21st century. It has led to the most extensive health alert in international relations history. This widespread among nations resulted from the open markets and free transfer among nations as part of interdependence and globalization, which consider the international liberal order's main pillars. This widespread also led to a serious global scenario that has impacted many sectors globally, including International Politics, Scientific developments, Economic Impacts over the various countries, and global relations. This paper attempts to determine the impact and outcomes of the Covid-19 pandemic over the international level and possible ways to handle it effectively.
Challenges and Trends in International Relations: Towards a De-globalizing Asia and World
The widespread of the Covid-19 pandemic represents the most severe pandemic in the 21th century. It has led to the most extensive health alert in the history of international. This widespread among nations was a consequence of the open markets and free transfer among nations and a part of interdependence and globalization, which consider the main pillars for the international liberal order.
Some outcomes of the Covid-19:
1.The world leaders are dealing with the crises from a purely national perspective;
2.Reduced willingness or commitment to address regional or global problems due to the perceived need to devote resources to rebuilding at home and dealing with the economic and non-economic consequences of the new crisis;
3.There are more exceptional moves towards selective self-sufficiency;
4.Closing the borders, stopping flights, shutting cities, halting the process of education, sanitary isolation, stopping all local and international activities and events, all this foretells of a global economic crisis that started showing its signs and;
5.It increased the demand for anti or de-globalization.
Thus, the consequences of Covid-19 will have a significant impact on international relations in the future.
the Chinese Political Society and the Symposium on "Deconstruction and Reconstruction in the Era of New Media: Public Governance, Democratic Politics, and International Security"
For years, the two global superpowers have clashed on a range of issues, including; defense, trade, technology, media, and diplomacy, among other issues, the hostility between the United States and China is worse than ever.
What fueled this hostility is emerging COVID-19 pandemic, this new crisis has escalated the tension between two countries, all these factors combined have drifted the relationship between the two countries to its worst phase. It's geopolitical, involving escalating tensions between the world's existing and emerging superpowers: The United States and China. Some strategists describe this new phase of tension as a new cold war.
the Consequences of COVID-19 pandemic on international order
2020-04
The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic between intention and negligence
With the continued spread of the new Coronavirus worldwide and the need to take the necessary measures to prevent the epidemic in light of the escalation of the crisis and the high number of deaths and injuries.
Some believe that the virus is artificial and that China deliberately spread the virus. In contrast, some believe that the reason for the emergence and spread of the virus is due to negligence by the Chinese government.
International Conference about Health systems
2016-12
The dual policy between private and public clinics in the Kurdistan Region
There is a clear duplication of doctors in dealing with patients in the Kurdistan Region. This duality appears in private clinics and public hospitals.
Workshop
University of Zakho
2026-02
Safeguarding the Cultural Heritage of Minority Groups in the Kurdistan Region
The University of Zakho conducted a workshop focused on the cultural heritage of minority groups in the Kurdistan Region. The event convened language and history supervisors from schools in the city of Zakho. Attendees were assigned to four groups, each responsible for designing a project to safeguard and preserve the cultural heritage of minority communities.
