This study aims at considering the effect of columns size on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete structures, in this article, three RC frames with different columns sizes have been analyzed. The five-storey building is analyzed for seismic force by Choosing three different type column cross-sections of the structural mechanism. i.e. (60x45) cm, (550x45) cm and (50x40). To assess the behavior of multi-storey building under seismic action Nonlinear static analyses for lateral loads were performed by using standard package SAP2000 software. The comparison of these frames for various earthquake response parameters like stiffness and base shear with roof displacement was executed. It is observed that the seismic efficiency in frame 1 of column dimensions(60x45) cm was significantly large with small displacements and The results are well-illustrated in this article.

Daylight is one of the most significant light source which could illuminate interior spaces by passing through windows and light collectors. Dust and aerosol accumulation on windowpanes reduce the light amount passing through it. The main objective of this research is to determine the impact of airborne particulate matters deposition on past light quantity. In this experiment the most prevalent particulate matters such as dust, carbon, and a mixture of both examined with 3 mm common commercial glasses at single and double glaze windowpanes and several interesting observations have been obtained. The result of this experiment will help building owners to adjust a window-cleaning schedule to reduce their lighting electricity consumption and expenses.

Braced frames, besides other structural systems, such as shear walls or moment resisting frames, have been a valuable and effective technique to increase structures performance against seismic loads. In wind or seismic excitations, diagonal members react as truss web elements which would afford tension or compression stresses. This study purposes at considering the effect of bracing diagonals on values of base shear and displacement of building. Two models were created and nonlinear pushover analysis has been implemented. Results show that bracing members enhance the lateral load performance of RC frames considerably. The purpose of this article is to study the nonlinear response of reinforced concrete Structures which contain Hollow Pipe Steel braces as the major structural elements versus earthquake loads. A five-storey reinforced concrete structure was selected in this study; two different reinforced concrete frames were considered. The first system was un-braced frame while the last one was braced frame with diagonal bracing. Analytical modelings of the bare frame and braced frame were realized by means of SAP 2000. The performances of all structures were evaluated using the nonlinear static analyses. From these analyses, the base shear and displacements were compared. Results are plotted in diagrams and discussed extensively and the results of the analyses showed that, the braced frame was seemed to capable of more lateral load carrying, had the high value for stiffness and lower roof displacement in comparison with bare frame.