Dysgraphia is one of the neurolinguistic diseases. Those who suffer from this disease are ordinary people who are difficult to be identified, we prepared this study as an attempt to explore the sufferers of this language disease in the University of Zakho.The study entitled “Dysgraphia at Zakho University students According to The Language (TOAL4)”. The researcher used the language test for adolescents and adults in its fourth version, it was translated from English into the Kurdish language with the approval of the residents and was applied to students of the Kurdish and Arabic language departments at the above-mentioned university for the purpose of exploring those with language disease. The study was conducted on (55) students from the second stage of the Kurdish department, and (13) of them appeared with dyslexia, besides, on (60) students from the Arabic department, and (14) of them appeared to have it. For this study, we took samples of )15(male students and (12) female students. This study was carried out according to the descriptive and statistical method (SPSS). Among the findings of the study is the presence of people with dysgraphia of both sexes in the University of Zakho. The section of the writing language of the Arabic language sample is at a bad level, while the language of pronunciation according to the gender variable in the Kurdish language sample comes in a small percentage.

پوخته‌ ستراتیجيیه‌تا هه‌ستیكێن ماسى ژ ستراتیجيیه‌تێن هزرا ره‌خنه‌یى یه‌ یێن د گشت بوارێن ژیانێدا سوودمه‌ندن و بۆ ڕوونكرنا ئاریشه‌یان و دیاركرنا چاره‌سه‌ریێ بۆ ئه‌وێ ئاریشه‌یێ یان بوارێ دهێت بكارهینان، بوارێ په‌روه‌رده‌ و فێركرن ژ بوارێن گرنگه‌ د هه‌مى جڤاكاندا نه‌خاسمه‌ ل هه‌رێما كوردستانا عیراقێ و ستراتیجيیه‌تێن ڕوونكرنا بابه‌تان د بوارێ فێركرنێدا بۆ سه‌دێ بیست و ئێكێ گرنگن، چونكى سه‌دێ بیست و ئێكێ گوهۆڕین و پێشڤه‌چوونێن بله‌ز د بوارێ ته‌كنۆڵۆجییا و فێركرنێدا په‌یدا دبن، ئه‌ڤ ڤه‌كۆلینه‌ ل ژێر ناڤێ ( كاریگه‌رییا ستراتیجییه‌تا هه‌ستیكێن ماسى د بابه‌تێ گوهۆڕینا واتاییدا ل ده‌ڤ فێرخوازێن پشكا زمانێ كوردى یێن فاكۆلتییا زانستێن مرۆڤایه‌تى ل زانكۆیا زاخۆ) یه‌ و ئه‌ڤ ستراتیجيیه‌ته‌ ب تنێ د بوارێ فێركرنێدا ناهێنه‌ بكارهینان، به‌لكو د گشت بوارێن ژیان و كاراندا دهێنه‌ به‌رجه‌سته‌كرن، د ئه‌ڤێ ڤه‌كۆلینێدا باس ل كاریگه‌رییا ستراتیجيیه‌تا ناڤبرى د بابه‌تێ گوهۆڕینا واتایيدا ل ده‌ڤ فێرخوازێن قۆناغا چوارێ یێن پشكا زمانێ كوردى ل زانكۆیا زاخۆ ب به‌راورد ل گه‌ل گرۆپه‌كێ دى یێن فێرخوازین هه‌مان پشك و قۆناغ ب شێوازێ ته‌قلیدى و بێ ستراتیجيیه‌ت هاتییه‌كرن و هژمارا ئه‌وان فێرخوازن ل سه‌ر (70) ێ ژ هه‌ر دوو ڕه‌گه‌زان دابه‌شدبیت و بۆ ڤه‌كۆلینێ (35) فێرخواز بۆ فێربوونێ ل دویڤ ستراتیجيیه‌تا هه‌ستیكێن ماسيیه‌ و (42) فێرخواز بۆ فێربوونا ته‌قلیديیه‌، ئه‌ڤ ستراتیجيیه‌ته‌ ل سه‌ر هۆكار و ئه‌نجامان دهێته‌ دابه‌شكرن و ڕوونكرنا گوهۆڕینا واتایێ ب ڕێكا ستراتیجيیه‌تا ناڤبرى ل سه‌ر هێلكارییا هه‌ستیێن ماسى، كو هۆكار ل سه‌ر هه‌ر دوو لایێن هه‌ستیین ماسى دهێنه‌ تۆماركرن و د سه‌رێ ماسيدا بابه‌ت دهیت، ئه‌ڤ ڤه‌كۆلینه ل دویڤ ڕێبازا ئه‌زموونگه‌ريى و ئامارهييا (spss)هاتییه‌ ئه‌نجامدان، د ئه‌نجامدا دیاربوو، كو جوداهییا ئامارهيى د به‌رژه‌وندییا فیرخوازێن ل ستراتیجيیه‌تا هه‌ستیكێن ماسيدا پشكدار هه‌یه‌. وشه‌ بنچینه‌ییه‌كان ستراتیجيیه‌ت هه‌ستیكێن ماسى واتا گوهۆڕین ئامار ناونیشانی توێژینه‌وه‌ [English] The Effect of the Fish Bone Strategy on the Semantic Change Subject for Students of the Kurdish Language Department university of zakho نوسه‌ر [English] Zhirwan hajibadre Kurdish language، Humanities Faculty، Zakho University، Kurdistan Region of Iraq پوخته‌ [English] The fishbone strategy is a critical thinking strategy ,Which is used in all areas of life and in the field of analyzing problems and finding solutions to them. In the field of education, which is one of the important areas in the twenty-first century, the use of educational strategies is important in the world, especially the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, because this era is The era of scientific and technological progress, where progress is in all areas of life, including education, and this strategy is important in all areas of life and business. This study is titled (The Effect of the Fish Bone Strategy on the Semantic Change Subject for Students of the Kurdish Language Department of the Kurdish language department university of zakho), and in it we look at the effect of the Fish Bone Strategy on the Semantic Change Subject for the fourth stage students in the Kurdish Language Department of the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Zakho and compare it with students of the same stage, Those who study according to the traditional curriculum in education and the number of samples selected for the study. This study is titled (The Effect of the Fish Bone Strategy on the Semantic Change Subject for Students of the Kurdish Language Department), and in it we look at the effect of the Fish Bone Strategy on the Semantic Change Subject for the fourth stage students in the Kurdish Language Department of the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Zakho and compare it with students of the same stage, Those who study according to the traditional curriculum in education and the number of samples selected for the study. For example, we have (70) students of both sexes, we divide them into two groups, 35 students study according to the fishbone strategy, and (42) students of both sexes study according to the traditional curriculum. This study explains the reasons and factors for the semantic change on the fishbone diagram on both sides. The study was carried out according to the experimental method and statistical approach (spss), the result of which was in favor of teaching the fish bone strategy. وشه‌ بنچینه‌ییه‌كان [English strategy fish bone significance change statistics

ديسليَكسييا نةخؤشيةكا زمانى ية لدةظ هندةك زارِؤكان هةية و تايبةتة ب خواندنيَظة و ب شيَوةييَن جياواز مينا ذناظبرنا دةنط و جه طوهؤرِينا دةنطان و كورتكرنا رِستةيان د خواندنيَدا ئةنجامددةت، ديسليَكسييا و فؤنؤلَؤجييا دوو بابةتيَن ثيَكظة طريَداينة، ضونكى وةرطرتن و دركاندنا دروست يا دةنطيَن زمانى دبيتة رِيَخوشكةر بؤ ئةنجامدانا ثرِؤسةيا ثةيوةنديكرن و خواندنىَ د ذيىَ دروست د ثرِؤسةيا خواندنيدا ب شيَوةيىَ سةركةظتى و بىَ ئاريشة، ئةظ ظةكؤلينة لذيَر ناظونيشانىَ (ثةيوةندييا ديسليَكسييا ب شارةزاييا فؤنؤلَوجييَظة لدةظ زارؤكان) ية د ئةظيَظةكؤلينيدا باس ل نةخؤشييا ديسليَكسييا لدةظ زارِؤكان و ثةيوةندييا ئةوىَ ب شارةزايى ل فؤنؤلَؤجييايىَ و خواندنىَ هاتييةكرن، ضونكى د ليَظكرنا دةنطان دا شيَوةيىَ نةخؤشيىَ لدةظ زارِؤكىَ نةخؤش خؤيا دبيت، نموونة و داتاييَن ظةكؤليـن زارِؤكيَن ذييَن ئةوان ذ (8، 14 ) ييَن هةر دوو رِةطةزان(نيَر، مىَ ) ل سةنتةرةكىَ تايبةت ب نةخؤشييَن ئاخظتنيَظة ل باذيَرِىَ زاخؤ هاتينة وةرطرتن، كو ظةكؤلةرى تاقيكرنةكا حةظت كارتى لسةر ئةوان ثرِاكتيك كرية، ب مةرةما دياركرن و ليَطةريان ل ئةوان زارِؤكان ييَن ئةظ نةخؤشى هةية و لطةل زارِؤكيَن ساخلةم بةرزةنة، ظةكؤلين لدويظ رِِيَبازا وةسفى و ئامارا (SPSS) هاتيية ئةنجامدان، طرنطي و ئارمانجا ظةكؤلينىَ ئةوة دياركرنا رِادةيىَ هةبوونا نةخؤشييا ديسليَكسييا لدةظ زارِؤكيَن دياركرى لدويظ ئامارىَ، كو لدويظ تاقيكرنا تائى خؤيا بوو، جوداهيي لدةظ تاكيَن سةمثلا ظةكولينى د ديسليَكسييايدا نةبوون و هةر دوو رِةطةز وةكو ئيَك بوون و ئةظة بؤ ثةراويَزكرنا ئةوان دهيَتة كرن و نةبوونا شارةزايى و ثيَزانينان لدةظ فيَركاران لسةر ضةوانييا رِةفتاركرنىَ لطةل زارِؤكيَن ديسليَكسييايىَ و جوداهى د هةبوونا تاقيكرنا خواندنا ثةيظان دا هةبوو، كو لدةظ رِةطةزىَ نيَر بلند تربوو. ثةيظيَن سةرةكى :زمان، ديسليَكسييا،ئامار، فؤنؤلَؤجى،تاقيكرنا حةظت كارتى. Dyslexia is a genetic reading disorder that affects some children in different ways such as deletingsounds, replacing sounds and shortening sentences in reading. Dyslexia and phonology are correlated.The precise reception and productionof language sounds facilitates the process of communication and reading successfully in an appropriate age in thelearning process without any problems. This research paper titled the Effect of dyslexia on phonological awareness in children sheds light on dyslexia in children and its relationship to phonologicaland readingskills. Whenarticulatingsounds the syndrome is recognizable in the children with dyslexia. For the purpose of this study, data has been collected from children aged (8-14) years old (both genders) in the speech-language therapy center in Zakho.The researcher has applied a test made up of7 steps for the purpose of identifying and searching for children who suffer from this syndrome but are unidentified among normal children. The study is based on descriptive theoryandthe data are analysed bySPSS program. The aim is toidentifythe number of children suffering from dyslexia in the participants based on the statisticalfindings. According to the testresults, there isno difference among dyslexia samples and both genders arethe same.This is dueto the fact that these children are suppressedin schoolsand the teachers lackknowledge and management skills in the treatment of children suffering from dyslexia syndrome. There isa difference in reading skills where the rate was higher among male participants. Keywords:Language,Dyslexia,Survey,Phonology,The 7 step process testing

Abstract Language and thought are two closely concatenating concepts the absence of one which undermines the other. and through which one can identify different types of thinking. Linguistic thinking is related to the environment from which the individual acquires the language. Thinking facilitates issues and does not complicate them for the advancement, growth, and high level of education in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq in general and at the universities of this region in particular. Much attention must be paid to critical thinking skills, because their usefulness does not involve only teaching, but extends to all areas of life. One of the prerequisites of the educational process is the presence of specialized teachers in order to make a change in the students' learning strategies. This study shows the relationship of the research variables, namely gender and mother tongue, with critical thinking skills for the California test (C-2000) based on statistics (SPSS) and the descriptive qualitative approach. In addition, the study also explores the relationship between the objectives of the study and the critical thinking skills of both first and fourth-graders at the Faculty of Humanities (morning classes)/University of Zakho for the academic year 2019-2020.

Abstract Language and thought are two closely concatenating concepts the absence of one which undermines the other. and through which one can identify different types of thinking. Linguistic thinking is related to the environment from which the individual acquires the language. Thinking facilitates issues and does not complicate them for the advancement, growth, and high level of education in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq in general and at the universities of this region in particular. Much attention must be paid to critical thinking skills, because their usefulness does not involve only teaching, but extends to all areas of life. One of the prerequisites of the educational process is the presence of specialized teachers in order to make a change in the students' learning strategies. This study shows the relationship of the research variables, namely gender and mother tongue, with critical thinking skills for the California test (C-2000) based on statistics (SPSS) and the descriptive qualitative approach. In addition, the study also explores the relationship between the objectives of the study and the critical thinking skills of both first and fourth-graders at the Faculty of Humanities (morning classes)/University of Zakho for the academic year 2019-2020.

Language and thought are linked to each other and different types of thinking can be identified through it. Linguistic thinking is linked to the environment from which the individual takes the language. This study entitled “The Growth of Critical Thinking among students of the University of Zakho -Faculty of Humanities, according to the two variables, Study Level (stage) and age”, which shows the relationship of research variables as a specific stage of study to critical thinking according to SPSS statisticsand the descriptive approach. This study, according to the objectives of the research, to shed light on the relationship of the variables with the critical thinking skills of the California test (C-2000) among the first and fourth year students of the Department of Humanities -Morning Studies, University of Zakho for the academic year 2019-2020.Keywords:Language,Thought, Critical Thinking, Variables,Study Level,Age