2024-04

Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries (Issue : 2) (Volume : 28)

An investigation was carried out to explore the effect of dietary protein on growth, feed utilization efficiency, condition factor, and lengthweight relationships in common carp (Cyprinus Carpio). 3600 C. carpio were sourced from a Mosul fish hatchery and transported to a private farm in Khanki township, where they were divided into four groups of 900 each. Following a day of acclimation, the fish were placed in 4× 4× 3m water culture ponds and fed diets with different protein concentrations (T1: 30%, T2: 28%, T3: 30%, and T4: 35%) for 90 days. From each group, twenty fish were selected for data collection. Results indicated that the growth parameters, such as daily weight gain, total weight gain, weight gain rate, relative growth rate, metabolic growth rate, and specific growth rate, were higher in fish fed a 28% protein diet (T1) compared to other protein concentrations (T1: 30%, T3: 26%, and T4: 35%). Nutrient utilization parameters, including daily feed consumption, total feed consumption, daily protein consumption, and total protein consumption, were elevated in fish fed with 35% protein (T3). T2 exhibited a significantly higher feed efficiency ratio and protein productive value compared to other diets. The feed conversion ratio was markedly decreased in fish fed a 28% protein diet (T2). Fulton condition factor and modified condition factor were significantly elevated (P< 0.05) with a 28% protein diet (T2), while the relative condition factor decreased. The length- weight relationships indicated isometric growth in T3 (26, 35%), allometric positive growth in T2 (28%), and negative growth in T1 (30%). In conclusion, the study highlighted the superior growth performance and nutrient utilization efficiency in common carp when fed a 28% protein diet (T2).

2024-01

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences D histology and histochemistry (Issue : 16) (Volume : 1)

The study aimed to investigate the effects of arsenate (As) exposure on body weight, and kidney enzymes activities, assess histopathological changes in this tissue, and explore the potential protective role of spirulina (Sp) in reducing the harmful impacts of (As) on kidney health. The research utilized forty-eight female Wistar rats and divided them into six groups, including a control group that fed a normal diet and distilled water, the second group the rat treated with a 5mg/kg body weight of sodium arsenate-only group, the group three and four the rats treated with spirulina at different doses (300mg and 600mg), and the last group treated with combined (As) and (Sp) treatments. After four weeks of the experiment, the kidney was collected for enzyme analysis and histological examination. The results showed that As exposure decreased body weight (BW) compared to the control group, while (Sp) supplementation partially improved body weight. Arsenate exposure significantly increased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes in kidney tissues. However, spirulina supplementation at different doses reduced the enzyme levels, albeit statistically not significantly. The histological examination revealed As exposure resulted in necrosis, congestion, leukocyte infiltration, glomerular atrophy, and fibrosis, while Sp supplementation showed limited effects on reducing these changes. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of the toxic effects of As and suggests that Sp supplementation may offer some protection against its harmful impacts on kidney health.

2023-12

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences (Issue : 3) (Volume : 55)

Arsenic (As), a notorious human poison, originates from natural sources. The rising presence of arsenic pollution in groundwater, used for irrigation, human consumption, and industry, has become a major public health concern. This study aimed to assess Spirulina's impact on hematological and lipid parameters in rats exposed to arsenate. Forty-eight female rats were categorized into six groups: a control group with a standard diet, a group receiving 5mg/kg sodium arsenate (As), two groups taking 300mg/kg and 600mg/kg Spirulina (Sp), and two groups combining As and Sp at the same doses. After 28 days, blood samples were collected after an overnight fast and anesthesia for hematological and lipid profile tests. As exposure led to a significant reduction in hemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) and an increase in white blood cell count (WBCs). However, red blood cell (RBC) parameters, including mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), showed minor non-significant changes. Conversely, treatment with 300mg/kg or 600mg/kg Spirulina resulted in slight increases in RBC parameters, with a notable PCV increase in the 600mg/kg group. Furthermore, As exposure elevated cholesterol, triglyceride, and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels, while reducing high-density lipoprotein (HDL). However, Sp supplementation at 300mg/kg and 600mg/kg levels restored these lipid parameters to levels similar to the control group, suggesting Spirulina's potential to alleviate arsenic-induced adverse effects on hematological and lipid parameters in rats.

2023-11

Journal of Zoonotic Diseases (Issue : 4) (Volume : 7)

Abstract The disease Leishmaniasis is a neglected illness with two major forms clinically including cutaneous leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis. From almost 100 endemic countries, an estimated one million additional records of leishmaniasis each year are documented. In the past decade, the number of confirmed cases of visceral leishmaniasis has decreased dramatically as a consequence of an improved approach to diagnosis and care and more intensive, though usual cycles may play a role in the severity of disease transmission. In the cutaneous form of leishmania disease (CL), the lesion is located in some parts like the face and arms. Whereas a visceral form of leishmania (VL) disease the parasite infects internal organs such as the liver and pancreas. Reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) record leishmaniasis as one of the ignored temperate disorders for which the improvement of novel therapies is required. Significant evidence gaps remain, and new methods are required before leishmaniasis can be definitively managed. Recent advances in our understanding of leishmaniasis and its clinical manifestations, as well as the immunological aspects of leishmaniasis, are the key objectives of this study.

2023-08

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences D. Histology & Histochemistry (Issue : 2) (Volume : 15)

Background: Arsenic (As) contributes to metabolic disorders, including diabetes, and disrupts the functions of multiple systems, leading to associated diseases and dysfunctions. This study aims to investigate the effects of Arsenic on plasma and liver enzymes, assess liver tissue histopathological changes, and explore spirulina's potential protective role against As-induced liver damage. Materials and Methods: Female Wistar rats were divided into six groups, including control, sodium arsenate-only (5mg/kg body weight), Sp-only (300mg and 600mg), and combined As and Sp treatment groups. Plasma and liver samples were collected after four weeks of treatment for enzyme analysis, and part of the liver tissues were examined histologically. Results: Arsenic exposure significantly increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme levels in plasma and liver. However, Sp supplementation at different doses showed a reduction in enzyme levels, although not statistically significant. Histological examination revealed liver damage in the As-exposed group, including congestion, leukocyte infiltration, and endothelium detachment. Sp supplementation partially attenuated these changes. Conclusion: This study enhances understanding of As's toxic effects and suggests that Sp supplementation may offer some protection against As induced liver damage. Recommendation: To improve the findings, additional parameters such as oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers, and liver function tests should be incorporated. These measurements will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of arsenate exposure.

2023-07

Egyptian journal of veterinary sciences (Issue : 3) (Volume : 54)

This research was done to find the effect of spirulina (Arthospira platensis) on some physicochemical parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish with an initial body weight of 510.3±7.02g were collected from a private farm in Khank Township, Sumeel District, Duhok Government, Iraq. Fish were separated into two groups (twenty fish in each group), the carp in the first group fed on pellets alone while the second fish group fed on pellets with 10 mg/kg spirulina for 90 days. Results; there was no significant change of morphological parameters in fish feeding with commercial spirulina pellets compared with control fish group. In contrast, a significantly increases in the average daily and total gain, the specific growth rate and the condition factor in the fish fed commercial pellets with spirulina compared with control fish. Regarding the complete blood pictures, a significantly higher of the red and white blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit observed in spirulina fish compared with the first group while a significant decreases of the mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in fish feds commercial pellets with spirulina. Furthermore, highly significant differences were seen among lipid profile parameters with exception of significantly reduce of low-density lipoprotein in fish fed diets with spirulina. Moreover, significant increases levels of the total protein and globulin were observed in spirulina fish compared with the first group while a reduction of albumin level was noted. In addition, a significant reduction of the level serum enzyme activities of fish fed with commercial pellets with spirulina compared with the control fish. This study concludes that the diet with spirulina supplementation has a crucial roles in growing performances and hematological and biochemical parameters in fish.

2023-07

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences (Issue : 4) (Volume : 54)

P53 is a 393 residue protein in humans made up of five proposed domains, with which the central DNA binding domain with 100-300 sequences very important for the direct binding of p53 in the promoters of its target genes to specific response elements. P53 is a tumor suppressor gene with cellular stress like oxygen deficiency, oxidative stress, radiation and carcinogens substances, is stimulated has major roles in translational regulation and feedback processes. A wide assortment of harm signals that relate a stability, post-translational alteration and recruitment of p53 to binding sites in chromatin which activate the p53 pathway. As a transcriptional activation, p53 mediates transcriptional changes which facilitate cell death, senescence or reversing and protective arrest of the cell cycle. P53 is a protein under intense investigation because it is necessary to prevent tumor, in human tumors have been found to deregulation of p53 activity. On this article study focuses the mechanism of suppressive p53 effects in the response to any stress and correlation of the mutation p53 with different tumor.

2023-01

international journal of occupational safety and health (Issue : 1) (Volume : 13)

ABSTRACT Introduction: The rapid and recent rise in the pandemic of cardiovascular disease im-plies that the environment plays a significant role. Numerous biological systems, such as the cardiovascular, blood-forming organs, liver, and kidneys, can be affected by gas-oline and smoking. Because filling station employees, repair service workers, gasoline truck drivers, and refinery workers are all at a greater risk of being exposed to gasoline fumes. Even though gasoline and smoking have been investigated for so many years, few studies have looked into the effects of gasoline exposure combined with smoking on a variety of physiological mechanisms. As a result, we propose that combining gas-oline exposure with smoking is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and impaired hepatic function.

2020-12

LINGUISTICA ANTVERPIENSIA (Issue : 1)

Now the election is inescapable in our community. Today elections increase social and environmental troubles such as noise pollution, water pollution, air and soil pollution, health hazard and inimical socioeconomic impact. During the election days, Duhok city is exposed to a high levels of noise pollution coming from private cars, public transports, trumpeting, drumming, shriek, pyrotechnics, etc. It is well-known noise pollution as one pollutant sources that could affect the quality of life across the globe. In this work we have monitored the noise levels in different places of Duhok town. Using a Digital Sound Level Meter (model SL-200), we made a preliminary assessment of noise levels per election, and the data were compared with post-election days. The data were collected during the period (10th Augst to 10th October 2018) from (08.00am to 12.00pm) at 12 different sites within Duhok city. In most areas, the noise was ranging between 60 to 65 dB with an average of 66.03 dB in the mornings, 71.9 dB in the afternoon and 80.29 dB in the evening during the election period while 63.8, 65.98 and 72.2 dB, 63.55, 66.73 and 74.47 dB were average levels in the morning, afternoon and evening of pre and post elections, respectively. The lowest values of noise were recorded at evenings and it was as follows, 58.5 dB at site 3 in pre-election, 61.3 dB at site 3 in election and 60.6 dB at site 2 at the postelection. This study may help to publicize awareness about noise pollution among the people, by which they will be capable to take required precautionary measures to salvage themselves from the adverse effects of noise pollution and to enhance the quality of the environment.

2019-09

SJUOZ (Issue : 3) (Volume : 7)

ABSTRACT:2-Hydroxy Chalcone and its derivatives (compounds 1and 2) were used in a toxicity test on the larvae and adults of confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum (Du Val). Mortality tests were done by applying different concentrations (0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 ppm) on2-Hydroxy Chalcone and its derivatives whichwere exposed by topical application with 5 μL of each compound and the data wererecorded after 24 h of treatments. The mortality % of[7-Hydroxy-9-(pyridine-4-yl)-6H-benzo[C]chromen-6-one]in(compound 2) were 26.6, 50 and 76.67% and 16.67, 36.67and 63.3% and 13.3, 23.3 and 36.6 % to 3rd, 5th instar larvae and adults, respectively. While in[ 3-thinyl-1-(2-hydroxynaphthyl) -1-propene] (compound 1), the mortality % were 23.3, 40 and 66.6% and 13.3, 30and 56.6% and 6.6, 16.6 and 26.6 % to 3rd, 5th instar larvae and adults, respectively. The results indicated that (comp.2) was the most toxic one and (comp.1) was the least toxic to confusedflour beetle when applied singly. The calculated LC50 values to (compound 2) were 0.019, 0.028 and 0.074 ppm to 3rd, 5th instar larvae and adults, respectively. While to (compound 1), the LC50 valueswere 0.025, 0.034 and 0.106 ppm to 3rd, 5th instar larvae and adults, respectively. The order of toxicity of the chemical compounds was 2 > 1. These chemical compounds can be used to control confused flour beetle

2019-08

Animals (MDPI) (Issue : 9) (Volume : 9)

Taurine (Tau) is an amino sulfonic acid, which is widely distributed in animal tissues, whereas it is almost lacking in plants with the exception of certain algae, seaweeds, and few others. In the aquafeed industry, Tau is mainly used as a feed additive to promote growth in marine fish species with limited cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase activity. In particular, Tau supplementation is required in feeds in which fishmeal (FM) is substituted with high percentages of plant-derived protein sources such as soybean meals (SBM) that have much lower levels of Tau than FM. In addition to being a growth promoter, Tau exert powerful antioxidant properties being a scavenger of the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under sustained swimming conditions, an intracellular increase in ROS production can occur in fish red muscle where the abundance of mitochondria (the main site of ROS formation) is high. Accordingly, this study aimed at investigating the effects of dietary Tau on European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) growth and oxidative stress response induced by swimming exercise. Individually tagged fish of 92.57 ± 20.33 g mean initial weight were fed two experimental diets containing the same low percentage of FM and high percentage of SBM. One diet was supplemented with 1.5% of Tau. Tau supplemented in the diet had a positive effect on fish growth, and enhanced swimming performance and antioxidant status. Two swim endurance tests were performed during the feeding trial. Metabolic oxygen consumption (MO2) was measured during exercise at incremental swimming speeds (0.7, 1.4, 2.1, 2.8, 3.5, and then 4.2 BL (body length) s−1, until fatigue). Fish maximal sustainable swimming speed (Ucrit) was determined too. To investigate the antioxidant effect of dietary Tau, we also measured ROS production in fish blood by RBA (respiratory burst activity) assay and quantified the expression of genes coding for antioxidant enzymes by qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) , such as SOD (superoxide dismutase), GPX (glutathione peroxidase), and CAT (catalase) in red muscle and liver. There was a significant effect of Tau upon Ucrit during exercise. Additionally, ROS production was significantly lower in fish fed with Tau supplemented diet, supporting the role of Tau as ROS scavenger. The protective effect of Tau against oxidative stress induced by forced swimming was denoted also by a significant decrease in antioxidant enzymes gene expression in fish liver and muscle. Taken together these results demonstrate that Tau is beneficial in low FM-based diets for seabass.

2013-11

Science Journal of University of Zakho (Issue : 1) (Volume : 1)

ABSTRACTThe present work was designed to study the effect of omega-3 and multivitamins on aluminum-induced changes in some tissue enzymeslevel in male albino rats. Forthe present work,seventy adult male rats were randomly divided into seven groups; fed on normal diet and treated as follows: Controlgroup1supplied with tap water. Group 2 supplied with 0.2 ml/rat of the vehicle (oil). Group 3 supplied orally with 0.2 ml/rat aluminum solution. Group 4 supplied orally with 0.2 ml/rat aluminum solution and dilutedacetic acid solution (0.5 %). Group 5 supplied orally with 0.2 ml/rataluminum solution and omega-3. Group 6 supplied orally with0.2 ml/rat aluminum solution and multivitamins. Group 7 supplied orally with 0.2 ml/rat aluminum solution and both antioxidants, omega-3 and multivitamins. After treating the animals with thetested materials daily for 30 days,the activities of serum alkaline Phosphatase(ALP), acid Phosphatase(ACP), AlanineTransaminase (ALT) and AspartateTransaminase (AST)were increased while their activities inliver and brain tissues were significantly decreased.The toxicity of Aluminumwas enhanced in the presence of acid as indicated by further changes in the levels of above parameters as compared with those of Al treated animals. The toxic effect of Al,in the presence of antioxidants such as omega-3 and multivitamins,was comparatively reduced and the studied parameters showed tendencies to change toward the normal levels. Thus, animals treated with Al in the presence of above antioxidants showed slight decreases in the activities of tissues ALP, ACP, ALTandAST. From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the toxic effect of Al in the presence of acid was enhanced, whereas its toxicity was greatly reduced in the presence of the antioxidants such asomega