PhD thesis Due to the enormous importance of visual image in our daily lives, especially after this image becomes the efficient dominant over most of our actions, undoubtedly, this importance has been reflected in the creative texts in general and poetic texts particularly. In addition to the Simeology criticism, therefore, I decided to make a research on such element in modern Kurdish poetic texts in order to uncover the ambiguities and secrets of the visual image in which to identify a variety of signifiers in that poetic texts that is associated to visual image. In the other hand, I have not noticed an academic study to be approached concerning visual image in literary texts in general and poetic texts particularly in kurdish literary criticism so far, thus it motivate me to choose a title of a research on visual image of modern poetic texts for my dissertation as it is so-called (Simeology of Visual Image in Kurdish Modern poetry). I have embodied this topic as critical term according to semiotic criticism as well as to reveal general theoretic dimensions and characteristics of visual image. Moreover, I have followed a strategy for analyzing visual images, so the analysis has been achieved according to basis, types, and structures of the image. As a result of our analysis, generally, there are two types of images, interior imaging as it means that imaging by language, and exterior imaging as it means the process of imaging will be performed without a language. i.e., it is achieved by other arts of imagery. Therefore, it is clear that Simeology criticism is the best approach for the analysis of the visual image, because this approach has comprised several features for analysis such as iconography, symbolism, and formation. Furthermore, it is also shown from our analysis that, the images which are identified in poetic texts have effectively embodied the meanings and implications of those poems. These images could be as a field of semantics (implications) that the poet hides his main purposes and meanings in them. Also those images have carried the same poem's message and expressed the poems' themes which talks about national, social,

Master Thesis: The title theory, or so-called "Titology," became an important subject in modern critical approach. The title, whether general or particular, constitutes the major opening to the test as being a semiotic mark that leads the researcher to the components of the text and un-code its codic linguistic symbols. Hence, the title represents the smaller prototype of the text and its identification. Though titology appeared in the late 60's of the last century, it became important lately in Kurdish criticism. Since then, none of academic papers or books was published on such a science in Kurdish criticism, rather, few articles and sings were hinted to it within an academic paper. This is what leads us to choose this topic -- titology -- for this thesis: "The Title as an Identity of the Poetic Text: Muhsin Quchan's Poetry as an Example," taking titology as a critical term and highlighting its general and particular dimensions. However, for the analytic and practical side of the thesis, three of Quchan's Collections were dealt with. As a result, the head titles of the collections embodied the strategic vision of the poet via using them as bases to the sub-titles within the collection. By this embodiment, the head title of each collection becomes a parallel text carrying the summary of the semantic structure of the poetic text within the collections in addition to paralleling the head title of each collection with other sills of the text like the cover framework and dedication.