A crucial component and effective instrument for examining the general characteristics of water quality is the Water Quality Index (WQI). Among the most significant tourist destinations in the northern part of Iraq and Kurdistan are the resort areas surrounding Zakho city. In December 2021, water samples were taken from a number of tourist locations, including Dashttagh, Sharanish Waterfall, and Bahair Cave. For the samples that were obtained, this investigation comprised chemical, biological, and physical tests. According to the World Health Organization drinking water quality standards, we conducted this research to determine whether this water is suitable for use by people, animals, and agriculture. The results of the tests revealed that water samples taken from Sharanish Waterfall had the best water quality when compared to other sources. both Bahair Cave, and Dashttagh samples.

The objective of this study is the characterization of activated carbon prepared from hawthorn core natural residue which is a vegetation waste. By using zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as a chemical agent 40 for 25 hours at (25 °C) as a raw material in this work. The best conditions were determined to be a carbonization temperature of 400 °C for 1 hour and a maximum yield is 82 %. Different operational factors such as carbonization time and temperature were used to prepare activated carbon from hawthorn core stones, pH, ash content, density, humidity content, conductivity, iodine number, and methylene blue dye absorption were all investigated in the generated activated carbon. The obtained characterization of the activated carbon was performed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). Finally, the activated carbon synthesized in this study acquired good properties that enable it to play an important function in a variety of environmental applications, including eco-protection, water treatment, and wastewater treatment and it was compared to a commercial reference sample from the B. D. H Company in industrial applications.

This study involves a development method for spectrophotometric analysis of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) with vanillin reagent in acidic medium. The reaction mechanism was proposed by Schiff's base reaction of the amine group in SMZ with the carbonyl group in vanillin. The spectrum of SMZ complex showed high absorbance at 399.09 nm following the Beer–Lambert law in the concentration levels ranging from 5 to 80 μg.mL-1 with good sensitivity. The stability constant of the product was determined. The values of relative standard deviation (≤ 6.63) and recovery (> 98.73%) indicated a reasonably precise and accurate method with a good limit of detection and quantification. The present method was compared with other spectrophotometric methods in the literature. The procedure of the method showed to be simple since no need for temperature control and solvent extraction. The suggested method was used to determine of SMZ in commercial pharmaceutical drops and compared with the certified method.

Nowadays, the growing population is demanding freshwater resources, and the availability of water influence the population distribution and its activities. Groundwater sources such as springs and wells are the major source of water for drinking, agricultural, and industrial consumptions. However, water resources are always exposed to industrial, agricultural, and residential pollutions. In the current study, water samples were collected from twenty-two springs sources from February to October 2017 in Amadiya districts, in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The physicochemical characteristics including temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), calcium hardness (Ca2), magnesium hardness (Mg2), turbidity (NTU), total alkalinity (TA), and nitrate (NO3 -) of the samples were analyzed. The findings showed that most of the water samples were within the permissible limits for drinking usage according to WHO (World Health Organization) standards, while few samples were without the permissible level for TDS and EC. Also, higher concentrations of TDS and EC reported for some samples attributed to agricultural and residential contamination, which require water treatment for drinking purposes. The statistical analysis illustrated an acceptable correlation between analysis.

Abstract. Kwashe industrial area in Summel district, Duhok city, Kurdistan region-Iraq is relatively new and considered the only industrial area in Duhok city which include various factories such as petroleum refineries, dying, tanning, cement, recycling of steel in addition to large municipal waste separating factory that produce huge amount of wastes in huge landfill with high leachate. Therefore ten artesian wells were chosen nearby and downward industrial area to study the impacts of industrial effluents and landfill leachate in contaminations of these wells. The results showed. The sulfate content is under risk limit of WHO (3-150 μg/L) in ground water, but there is evidence that a little contamination plume is created in Girresh 28.63 ± 1.25 mg/L location. The Cl as typical recommended by WHO in ground water is 1-70 mg/L and are low in 5 artesian wells upper industrial are and magnified in the rest 5 artesian wells downward industrial area and high levels recorded in Girrash 30.33 ± 1.53 mg/L. WHO standard of NO3 in ground water is 2-20 mg/L, the locations Kwashe 3, 4, 5 is better site of NO3 in upper industrial area ranging between 5.13 ± 0.15 to 5.50 ± 0.20 and the third wells are save for drinking according WHO standards which must be under 10 mg/L are Kwashe 1, 2 and Sarshour ranging between 9.67 ± 0.1 and 9.70 ± 0.20 mg/L. The rest four wells Girresh, Marina, Moqeble, and Sarshour located down ward industrial effluents and landfill leachate are significantly affected toward increasing to reach hazardous levels in three location Sarshour 19.70 ± 1.45 mg/L, Marina location 22.67 ± 0.85 mg/L and the center of toxin plume recorded in Girrish of 55.33 ± 0.25 mg/L which is not save as drinking water for adults and Cattle babies according WHO standards. The typical soil properties like high pH values 7.9 ,huge amount of active/total CaCO3 % 62.62 and high clay content 381.68 g/kg , makes the condition optimum for heavy metal precipitation and rendered it inactive in sorption site of soil colloidal system and prevent it to reach ground water table. However the little concentration of heavy metal are varied from location to another to give an index that the pollution is sever and create a toxin plume downward locations but not exceeded typical standards of WHO for drinking water.

In his study activated carbon was prepared from Helhelok stones as a raw material by using chemical activation with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as a chemical agent with the concentration 40% for 25h at (25⁰C±2). The optimum conditions were approved in having carbonization temperature 400ᵒC for 1h to get a maximum percentage of yield 56%. Other properties of the prepared activated carbon were also studied such as pH, ash content, density, moisture content, conductivity, iodine number and methylene blue dye absorbance. Eventually the prepared activated carbon in this work has obtained good characteristics that make it play an essential role in industrial uses and compared it with commercial standard sample from B. D. H Company

Simple, sensitive and reproducible spectrophotometric method was developed for estimation of oxymetazoline hydrochloride via charge transfer complex formation reaction. The method is based on the reaction of oxymetazoline as n-donor with DDQ reagent as π-acceptor in basic aqueous medium of pH 9.79. The maximum absorption is 421 nm. Beer's law was obeyed in the range 0.4-4.0 μg mL-1 with molar absorptivity 2.5 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.0093 and 0.028 μg mL-1 respectively. The stability constant has been determined and the mechanism of the reactions was proposed. The proposed method was applied to determine the oxymetazoline hydrochloride in dosage form as drop, and the results were statistically compared with official BP method.