Background Bone health disparities between genders play a key role in osteoporosis risk, especially among older adults. Comparative research on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) across genders is vital for tailored prevention strategies. Objective(s): This research examined gender-based differences in BMD and BMC using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and assessed related osteopenia and osteoporosis risks. Methods A cross-sectional study analyzed 143 adult participants (30 men, 113 women). DXA scans evaluated BMC, BMD, T-scores, and Z-scores at multiple skeletal sites. Gender comparisons were statistically analyzed. Results Men had significantly greater BMC (1.40±0.22 kg vs. 1.11±0.37 kg, p < 0.0001) and BMD (0.84±0.10 g/cm² vs. 0.71±0.12 g/cm², p < 0.0001) than women. T-scores reflected osteopenia/osteoporosis risk in both groups, though women showed poorer outcomes (-2.85±2.97 vs. -2.54±0.60, p < 0.001). Z-scores further indicated elevated osteopenia risk in women (-1.55±1.17 vs. -2.09±0.58). Conclusion Women exhibited markedly lower BMD and BMC than men, underscoring their increased vulnerability to bone deterioration. Gender-focused interventions are essential for reducing osteoporosis risk.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an important diagnostic technique that uses powerful magnetic fields to generate detailed images of the human body. The aim of this study is to investigate to how static magnetic fields (SMF) affect the levels of trace elements and biochemical parameters in MRI staff’ blood serum. This study examines the impacts of these exposures of 18 participants (9 males and 9 females) aged between 25 and 60.on the levels of trace elements in the blood serum and the biochemical parameters of the MRI staff at Azadi Teaching Hospital in Duhok and Zakho General Hospital-Bidari in Zakho City. Eighteen participants, consisting of nine males and nine females aged between 25 and 60, were selected from these hospitals. The researchers obtained blood samples and conducted analysis to determine the presence of trace elements (sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride) as well as numerous biochemical markers. The results showed that potassium and calcium levels increased with age, and older females had considerable deviations. Chloride levels exhibited a significant increase with age in both males and females. Glucose, creatinine, uric acid, and urea levels showed an increase with age, suggesting the possible damage to kidney function caused by continuous exposure to MRI. Increased levels of liver enzymes (GPT, GOT, ALP) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were noticed, particularly in older females, indicating potential liver and thyroid dysfunction. These results highlight the importance of applying strict safety protocols and conducting regular health assessments for MRI personnel to minimize the possible hazards.

Background and Aims: This research aims to find the image quality of the computed tomography (CT) imaging technique, in terms of noise as a function of the number of projections. Methods: The X-ray Computed Tomography set is started using the rocker switch and the MeasureCT32 program is allowed to run, all devices at two different projections (20 and 300) are implemented. Results: The results of the experiment made clear that increasing the number of projections effectively reconstructs high-quality images in CT image reconstructions, e.g. when implementing 300 projections. This was also clarified with a lower number of projections giving reduced quality of the image, as shown in 20 projections. Conclusions: As increasing, the number of projections that leads to obtain high-quality images, clearer, and less noisy in CT image reconstructions as shown in 300 projections. Thus, reducing the number of projections results in reducing image quality.

Appropriate selection of features may lead to the specificity of classification methods and identify the most critical features from all sparse or dense impact data using a filter based on the recognition selection method characterized. Filtration is used to reduce sample complexity, improve the clarity of viscous samples, and reduce background signals, resulting in increased signal-to-noise ratios in analytical tests. Depending on the filtration method applied, particles are separated based on properties such as size. This study assessed the impact of filter selection and the variation in the number of projections on the final reconstructed artificial phantom images. Utilizing image reconstruction techniques, it delves into the application of mathematical transforms, including Radon and Fourier, to improve image quality and resolution, particularly in medical imaging modalities such as CT and MRI. The research predominantly focuses on the application of the Filtered Back Projection (FBP) algorithm to reconstruct images from changing numbers of projections. The results underscore the main role of filter choice in removing noise, with the Ramp filter presenting the most promising results. The investigation concludes that reducing the number of projections results in a decline in image contrast and an increase in image noise.

This work focused on the UV solar radiation measurements under clear sky conditions for typical days in months (April to July) when the UV radiation is expected to have the highest values in Duhok city. Two types of UV, (UVA and UVB) were measured from April to July under clear sky conditions. The maximum UVA (wavelength 315-400 nm) irradiance (38 and 37) W/m2 was measured at noon in June and July, respectively. The minimum UVA of 30 W/m2 was recorded at April noon. In July, the hourly UVA ranged between 2.6 W/m2 at 6:00 pm to 37 W/m2 at 12:00 pm; maximum UVB (wavelength 280-315 nm) irradiance of 1.9 W/m2 was measured in July noon’s, and a minimum of 1.4 W/m2 at April noon. The effect of the atmosphere (solar zenith angle) on the UVB clearness index was investigated and a functional relationship between them was developed. Finally, the time required for UVB minimum erythemal dose was estimated.

Noise is a type of pollution that has a negative impact on human health and well-being. Because of population growth and urbanization, the magnitude and severity of noise pollutionare increasing. This study examines the level of noise throughout Zakho university-faculty of science buildings. Noise levels were measured using a sound level meter at two campus buildings at five different times (9:00 AM –2:00 PM). A total of 180 students (98 females, 82 males) were questioned to collect data. The noise levels were highest at the ground floor of building one were at (11:00AM-12:00PM) and (12:00-1:00 PM), respectively, changing from 60.6 to 73.7 dB at (11:00 AM-12:00 PM) and 63.3-73.8 dB at (12:00-1:00 PM) (12-1:00 PM). These results could be due to students taking a lunch hour after 12:00PM and visiting a café at this site. The most prevalent direct impact of noise on students was feeling annoyed, which affected 23% of students, followed by headache (18%) and so on. Noise has psychological effects on students such as anxiety (6%) and sleep problems (4%) which all have a low percentage. Lastly, memory lapse (2%) and fatigue (3%) impact on students had a lower proportion when compared to other impacts. However, there was 22% of students did not affect by noise.