Human muscles can be read by using electromyography (EMG) sensors, which are electrical signals generated by the muscles of human and animal bodies. This means it is possible to use electricity generated by muscles to control actuators/servo motors for any specific tasks. This could support a wide range of applications, especially for people with disabilities. One such application would be making bionic limbs based on servo motors. According to a study held by the K4D helpdesk report based on estimations that 15.3% of the world’s population has a moderate or severe disability, this proportion is likely to increase to 18-20% in conflict- affected areas (Thompson, 2017). The goal of this study is to make bionic limbs affordable by minimizing the cost while maintaining accuracy at an acceptable rate. To achieve this goal, the study proposes a new idea for using electromyography (EMG) sensors in bionic limbs, which suggests a decrease in the number of EMG sensors to decrease the cost and power consumption. Decreasing the number of EMG sensors will result in a loss of accuracy in controlling actuators (servo motors) because usually, each sensor is responsible for activating one servo motor. In normal projects, one will need at least six EMG sensors to control six servo motors. The study will use only three EMG sensors to control/activate six servo motors depending on the binary trick idea suggested by this study, which is manipulating all three input signals from EMG sensors at once and then deciding which servo motor to activate by using a supervised machine learning technique such as K-nearest neighbors (kNN).

Digital communication has become a vital part of daily life nowadays. Many applications are using internet-based communication, and here, the importance of security rose to have secure communication between two parties to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data. These requirements led to several studies in information security that have been done in the past two decades. Cryptography and steganography are the two main methods that are being used for information security. Cryptography refers to techniques that encrypt a message to be sent to a destination using different methods. In contrast, steganography is the science of hiding information from others using another cover message or media such as image, audio, video, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence. This paper proposed a new method to hide information in an image using the least significant bit (LSB) based on DNA sequence. To accomplish this, the proposed scheme used properties of the DNA sequence when codons that consist of three nucleotides are translated to proteins. The LSBs of two pixels from the image are taken to represent a codon and then translate them to protein. The secret message bits are injected into codons before the translation process, which slightly distorts the image and makes the image less suspicious and the hidden message hard to detect. The experimental results indicate the effeteness of the proposed method with a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 57.33 at 0.7 hiding capacity

Today, all managers use the information system to manage their organization efficiently and effectively. Moreover, a management information system (MIS) is a type of computerized information systems. Hence, human resource management information system (HRMIS) has a fast processing to produce accurate information within the organization environment. Therefore, many researchers proposed numerous HRMISs for university campuses. However, some universities, including Kurdistan Region universities are still relying paper-based system in managing their human resources. Based on that, this study aims to identify and analyze current systems which are used for managing and accessing human resource information in the university campus. Further, the study tries to design a web-based HRMIS based on the requirements achieved from aforementioned aim. The data collection of this study has been carried out at three universities, as a case study, in Duhok province. A mixed method of data collection was done. Then, the qualitative method of data collection conducted using interviews and observation instruments. Also, the quantitative method conducted using system usability scale (SUS) to evaluate the designed web-based HRMIS. Further, the analysis of collected data was based on the strategic planning technique using SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats points. Then, the requirements of designing a proposed web-based HRMIS were achieved. After implementing of the proposed system, the evaluation results of SUS were conducted to be acceptable (i.e. total score is 72.03%) based on the end-user viewpoints. Further, the reliability of the proposed HRMIS will be conducted at the University by using reliability measurement tools after implementing such system for a period of time.