Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) formed by Thyme were synthesized by a single-step green hydrothermal process using Thyme extract as the carbon source. Subsequently, they evaluated their effectiveness as an antibacterial versus several microbes. The synthesized CQDs exhibited a quasi-spherical morphology, with an average diameter of around 6.4 nm, and had a broad (002) x-ray diffraction (XRD) peak indicative of graphitic carbon. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) tests demonstrated the existence of several hydroxyl, carboxyl, and carbonyl groups on the surface, thus enhancing hydrophilicity and stability. Optical analyses demonstrated strong π–π* and n–π* transitions, accompanied by excitation-sensitive photoluminescence (PL) at 512 nm, yielding a significant quantum efficiency of 36%. The Thyme-CQDs demonstrated significant antibacterial activity versus E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa, with S. aureus showing the highest sensitivity. The antibacterial effects are ascribed to the generation of reactive oxygen substances (ROS), breakdown of membranes, and the combined properties of thyme-derived phenolics, such as thymol and carvacrol. The results show that thyme can serve as a renewable carbon preparation for high-performance CQDs suitable for antibacterial, environmental, and bioimaging applications.

Conductive polymer nanocomposites are attracting increasing interest for their potential in advanced optoelectronics, sensing, and energy applications, owing to their tunable electrical and optical properties. In this study, we present the fabrication and characterisation of novel PANI-CSA nanocomposite films doped with cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and a combination of Co–Ni nanoparticles. These materials were synthesised via chemical polymerisation in a camphor sulfonic acid (CSA) solution. Structural, optical, and electrical properties were systematically examined using four-point probe measurements, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. Our findings demonstrate that doping with Co and Ni nanoparticles reduces the optical bandgap, enhances electrical conductivity, and improves UV–visible light absorption. Theoretical modelling of surface plasmon resonance using the Kretschmann configuration further revealed that co-doping with Co and Ni significantly enhances sensitivity, positioning these films as promising candidates for plasmonic biosensing. The integration of dual-metal doping with CSA protonation in PANI offers an innovative approach for developing multifunctional nanocomposites tailored for advanced photonic and sensing applications.

Polyaniline (PANI)/Aluminium nanoparticles (AlNPs) nanocomposite films were designed and synthesized for optoelectronic applications. Structural, morphological, optical, electronic, and electrical properties of the PANI/AlNPs nanocomposite films were studied for various AlNPs concentrations. As AlNPs concentration increases from 0 to 32 wt% the bandgap energy decreases monoexponentially from 3.97 eV to 3.84 and the refractive index increases continuously from 1.53 to 1.63 at 550 nm. However, the monoexponential decay of the bandgap energy cannot describe the PANI/AlNPs films behaviour for AlNPs concentrations greater than 32 wt% due to AlNPs percolation. The electrical conductivity increases from 0.11 to 16.10 μS cm−1 in the above AlNPs range, being the trend fitted to a sigmoidal function, which passes through three regions: insulating, percolation, and electrical conductive zones. AlNPs are …

There are a few data of toxic concentrations and their distribution of cigarrete and Shisha smoking in Café. Therefore, the aim of this study is to know the concentration and the distribution of both CO and CO2 gases in Rojhelat Café in Duhok city. Both gases have been measured in different positions of Café before opening and until closing the place. Furthermore, the distributions of gases at different places and different elevation have been measured. The results showed that the effect of shisha on producing gases is more than cigarrete. We found that the toxic gases in Café were too high. This study will help the Café manufacture how to design the building such Café for air conveyor and condition.