Digital transformation in higher education has greatly disrupted conventional
teaching and learning models. This review traces the evolution of educational
technology over the past few decades. It analyzes how tools such as learning
management systems, data analytics, online learning, and artificial intelligence
impact pedagogy, student experience, educator roles, and institutional learning.
The great potential of technology to enhance learning is also discussed, along
with the ongoing challenges of justice, ethics, and human relations in its
application. Current and emerging technologies are examined, with their
implications for key stakeholders. This study uses a multi-faceted methodology
to investigate digital transformation in higher education: Historical Analysis,
Technology Review Case Studies, Stakeholder Surveys, and Ethical and Social
Implications. Predictive modeling and trend analysis are performed to project
higher education's future digital transformation trajectory. This includes analysis
of new technologies, potential disruptions, and the evolving needs of the
education sector. The review brings together insights from academic literature,
industry publications, and the digital transformation of higher education over
the past few decades, which has been widespread and measurable. Early
adopters of technologies such as analytics, AI, and immersive media will be best
positioned to improve the student experience in the future. However, carefully
applying and considering students' needs and equality is essential to avoid
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