أنا  Alan Ibrahim Saeed

Statistical analysis of dew point temperature and other meteorological parameters are very important for climatic variability. Seasonal and annual data of dew point temperature for some meteorological stations in Kurdistan region of Iraq were analyzed to determine their magnitude and trends using statistical linear regression method with (SPSS) program and the inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation method of (ArcGIS). The spatial analysis shows that seasonally the highest and lowest values were recorded at Erbil and Amedi stations of (13.41 oC, -1.39 oC) at summer and winter seasons respectively, and for mean annual variation the maximum and minimum mean values of dewpoint also recorded at Erbil and Amedi stations of (9.02 oC, 2.61 oC), respectively. Temporally, the seasonal dewpoint temperature trends have positive variation at most of stations, while in Duhok, Zakho and Pirmam stations have negative trend value at summer season. Seasonally, Kalar station has maximum positive trend with value of (0.741 oC/year), on the other hand, the minimum dewpoint trend of (-0.292 oC/year) detected at Pirmam station. The annual trends were positive at all of stations in study area with significance correlation for most stations, the highest and lowest increasing trend were recorded at Kalar and Duhok stations of (0.361 oC/year, 0.071 oC/year) respectively.

This research was designed to assess the level of awareness and knowledge of local residents concerning Solid Waste Management [SWM] in Duhok, Iraq. Primary data were collected from local residents through interview and questionnaire. A total of 60 questionnaires were completed by the respondents that were randomly selected. In order to determine whether the trash could be recycled, the study goal was to define the household solid wastes produced by the neighborhood, and to use this solid waste to produce energy i.e. waste to energy technology. The outcomes of a research done in a neighborhood of the Iraqi city of Duhok are presented in this study. In order to determine whether the trash could be recycled, the study's goal was to define the household solid wastes produced by the neighborhood. The outcomes are used to assess the recycling potential in other towns that are comparable to the one under study. These neighborhoods are situated in the city's most active and recent growing area. The goal of the current study was to estimate the volume and quality of municipal solid trash generated in Duhok City in 2022. The samples were gathered from various city neighborhoods and residences. The income levels of the participants in the generation of municipal solid waste were considered. The generation of solid trash in Duhok city still Food (51 %) of the solid waste produced, followed by (24 %) plastics.

Nowadays Energy is the main crises in the world due to high demand load of energy for all sector of modern live using smart materials such as Low-E Window glass is most suitable solution for rationalizing energy and reducing the amount of Co2 emission into our environment. Low-E Window can be a large portion of solution since it has a great role in consuming energy and directly related to the amount of Co2 emission. In this research measurement were taken to compare the amount energy consumed in Low-E glass window with ordinary glass. The result showed there is a huge different between them. The result showed that the total difference in solar heat gain was 6246.12W which save 22798.33 kWh/year. The estimated reduction in CO2 was 16186.81 kg.CO2 /year or 16.186 ton. Co2/ year in the building room case in Duhok, Iraq.

Society started searching for alternative resources of energy, with more awareness of their responsibility to the environment. Renewable energies (RE) in buildings and cities experience a huge expansion, which raises many challenges to the scientists, researchers, and engineers. RE such as solar and wind energy is a clean and inexhaustible energy, and its technology is developing rapidly. This will lead to good results in significant energy security, climate change mitigation, and economic benefits. It would also reduce environmental pollution such as air pollution caused by burning of fossil fuels. This study mainly focuses on analysis of wind energy potential inside a Gali-Zakho Tunnel in Duhok province in northern Iraq, which is located on the highway that connects the border between Kurdistan-Iraq and Turkey. This work also included investigating the feasibility of generating electrical energy (EE) from

In the last decades the growing need for comfort conditions in residential buildings and the severe summer conditions typical of Mediterranean climate have led to an ever-increasing request for the installation of air-conditioning systems. This has led to rising consumption of electricity and has influenced the cost of electricity and the need for more power plants. Furthermore, the CO2 equivalent emissions’ factors from electricity will rise. In this study, two wooden cabinets (cabinets A and B) were built to be a model for two rooms in a building in city of Duhok, Iraq. These cabinets were of double-glazed window, insulated by air. Solar control window film (SCWF) has been attached on the window of one of the cabinets (cabinet B). Measurements of the following physical variables parameter were performed, outside and inside the cabinets: solar radiation (SR), temperature (T), and relative humidity (RH). The measurements were done in two different cases: one, when the surface color (SC) of both cabinets was white and, for the other, when the SC was black. In this study, we investigate the performance of solar control window films based on a clear double glass window for one of the cabinets. The study is generalized for a large-scale practical case if a window film of similar properties is applied to the windows of rooms in a building in Duhok, Iraq. Thermal conductivity of each glass, wood, and SCWF has been measured. The absorbance and transmittance of the window glass as well as the solar control window film have been measured by using the UV, VIS, and NIR spectrophotometer instruments. It was found that the temperature of cabinets depends on surface color (SC) of the cabinet. In case of white surface (WS) cabinet, the temperature of cabinet was approximately 10 °C lower than black surface (BS) of cabinet, while the temperature difference between cabinet A [CA] and cabinet B [CB] was approximately equal to 5 °C. In case of black surface) BS) cabinet, the temperature difference between CA and CB was about 7 °C. It was observed that the blocking capacity of thin solar control film depends on the time of day and weather conditions. Utilizing window films in a building will lead to reduction in heat gain from solar radiation, i.e., it will reduce the building cooling load in summer, or using the solar control window films in buildings will lead to reduce the electrical energy consumption in summer. Also, this will contribute in reducing CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions that cause global warming in the world. Further advantages in using such film are the reduction of glare, heat, and UV