Petroselium crispum or parsley is a typical culinary vegetable that is used as a flavouring and aromatic food additive. The aim of this research was to purify a major flavonoid present in parsley leaves, apigenin and evaluate the polyphenol, mineral and vitamin C contents in parsley leaves extract (PLE); in addition, the study compared antioxidant activities of ethanolic PLE with purified apigenin (AP), applying different non-enzymatic strategies using ascorbic acid (AA) as a reference. A complete screening for bioactive compounds in the ethanolic PLE was performed by HPLC analysis. The research outcomes indicated that purification of apigenin was successfully achieved by column chromatography with a high yield and purity; a single peak in the HPLC chromatogram confirmed this. The analysis revealed that contents of total phenolic and flavonoid in the ethanolic PLE were 75.91 ± 3.33 mg. g–1 TA Eq and 15.61 ± 0.18 mg. g–1 respectively; vitamin C is found to be 4.01 mg. g–1. Our results indicated that among the trace minerals in parsley leaves, calcium and sodium documented the highest values; 14.13 mg. g–1 and 8.51 mg. g–1, while copper and manganese had the lowest values; 0.02 mg. g–1 and 0.012 mg. g–1 respectively. Finally, our findings demonstrated that purified AP had superior potential than ethanolic PLE for reducing power, total antioxidant, nitric oxide and superoxide scavenging activities. In contrast, the ethanolic PLE exhibited greater antioxidant activity than AP towards suppressing the DPPH and hydroxyl radicals

Growing interest has been shown in hypoglycaemic medications made from natural substances, notably those produced from plants. Flavonoids are phenolic compounds that exist in nature and have a broad range of biological activities and beneficial effects in the therapy of metabolic disorders. The research aimed to purify apigenin (AP) from parsley leaves and study its effect on the levels of some important serum biomarkers (metabolic, oxidant and antioxidant) in rats induced diabetes in comparison with crude parsley leaves extract (PLE). The study's findings demonstrated that apigenin is successfully purified from parsley leaves with a high yield and purity. Based on the outcomes of the experiment, the levels of all blood biomarkers showed improvement in diabetic treated group with either PLE or AP. Notably, PLE was more effective than AP in the enhancement of metabolic parameters. Considering the oxidant biomarkers (xanthine oxidase, peroxynitrite anion radical and malondialdehyde), AP had a stronger ability to reduce these harmful oxidants than PLE. Furthermore, the data of antioxidant activity showed that both compounds were able to improve the antioxidant enzyme activity. Noteworthy, AP increases the activity of glutathion-S-transferase (GST) and aminoacylase-1 (ACY1) more than PLE. Besides, PLE displays more effective in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and paraxonase (PON1). In the manner of non-antioxidant activity AP enhanced the level of metallothionein (MT), overall antioxidant activity (AOA), cop

Background: Subclinical hyperthyroidism is a condition in which thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is mildly decreased with both free iodine thyroxine (free T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) within the normal range. The aim of this research is to determine the association between TSH with lipid profiles, age, blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) and also to evaluate lipid profiles in subclinical hyperthyroid patients. Materials and Methods: Ninety patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism were chosen as the patient group and 50 healthy individuals age-matched were chosen as the control group. Thyroid function tests TSH, T4 and T3 were performed by VIDAS and on the same day lipid profiles were performed by (Biolis 24i Premium) in the laboratory of General Zakho Hospital, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Results: In subclinical hyperthyroidism the BMI and diastolic blood pressure values were non-significantly low (P=0.13 and p=0.27 respectively) whereas systolic blood pressure increased slightly but was still non-significant. TSH was significantly and negatively related to systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Lipid profiles and systolic and diastolic blood pressure are not altered in subclinical hyperthyroidism. However, systolic blood pressure is related to the severity of the decrease in TSH levels.

Background and objectives: Subclinical thyroid disorder is a most common subclinical disease among many medical conditions such as cardiovascular disease and subclinical Lyme disease. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between lipid profile results, lipid ratios, and anthropometric parameters and thyroid hormones. Methods: One hundred patients (ages 20 to 50 years) with subclinical hypothyroidism (SHT group) and 50 healthy subjects (control group), who are age-matched with patients, were included in the current study. Thyroid function tests (TSH, T3 and T4) were determined by immunodiagnostic assay system (VIDAS) for all participants. The serum glucose and lipid profile tests parameters were evaluated by Biolis 24i Premium chemistry analyser. In addition, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured for each individual in the study using mercury sphygmomanometer. Results: The levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) were significantly lower in the SHT group when compared with control group. Whereas, the level of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), the ratios total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-c and LDL-c/HDL-c were significantly higher in SHT group than in controls. Moreover, TSH was negatively correlated with diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions: Both LDL-c and HDL-c are altered in subclinical hypothyroidism patients. And, there is a negative association between TSH and diastolic blood pressure.

Three radish cultivars namely Ufasic, Gigante, and Saxa2 grown under plastic house, irrigated by familiar Life drinking water, well and Dohuk river wastewater to evaluate the risk of accumulated heavy metals in leaves and root of three radish cultivars. The obtained results manifested that a very high amount of Pb accumulate as compared to the international recommended standard. Maximum Pb limit for human health has been established for edible parts of crops (0.2 mg.kg-1). Particularly, in edible leaves of radish irrigated with bottled water “life” and waste water (19.8641 and 15.6603μg.g -1 ,respectively).Similar trends obsered in accumulated Pb in edible roots of life water (19.69μg.g -1 ) and waster water (25.74μg.g -1 ).Waste water significantly increased the accumulated Zn (9.732μg.g -1 ), in edibile leaves of radish. Radish roots were not capable to sequestered Zn in their roots, and therefore, most absorbed Zn translocated to leaves. The lowst accumulated Cd in edible radish root (0.986μg.g -1 ) observed in radish irrigated with well water. Saxa2 can be recommended for Pb bio remedy for extracting Pb from growing media. Ufasic and Saxa2 can be recommended for Zn extraction from growing media. Gigante engages the gap between them. Interaction results mentioned in results and discussion. Key word: Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Heavy metal pollution, Health risk, wastewater, water resources, Radish ,

Trace elements are known to play vital roles in both metabolism and growth of living cells. The aims of this study are to investigate the levels of some trace elements (cupper, iron, nickel and zinc) in diabetic patients and studying the correlation between them. 50 healthy volunteers and 200 diabetic subjects were included in the study. Trace elements were measured via flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (Perkin Elmer). In addition, fasting blood sugar, serum urea and serum creatinine were measured via glucose oxidase, urease method and Jaffe method respectively. Except serum cupper, all the three other trace elements were significantly lower in diabetic groups. Age and gender did not have any relationships with the levels of trace elements. All the trace elements did not correlate with each other apart from cupper with both iron and nickel. These results do not confirm that low levels of trace elements causes diabetes mellitus. Further studies are needed to show the relationships. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Trace elements, cupper, iron, nickel, zinc, interactions of trace elements.

Trace elements play significant roles in the metabolism of insulin. The aim of this study is to investigate the level of serum zinc, magnesium and calcium in type 2 diabetes mellitus and relate them with the functionality of kidneys. 200 diabetic individuals and 50 healthy controls were enrolled. For each individual, blood sugar, serum urea and serum creatinine were determined. In addition, serum zinc, magnesium and calcium were determined for each individual via flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Significant differences were found in the level of serum zinc and magnesium between diabetic and healthy control groups. However, there was not any difference in the level of serum calcium between the two groups. It is not certain whether the low level of serum zinc and magnesium cause diabetes or they are the consequence of development of diabetes. The level of serum trace elements did not correlate with the functions of kidneys. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Trace elements, Zinc, Magnesium, Calcium.

Three radish cultivars namely Ufasic, Gigante, and Saxa2 grown under plastic house, irrigated by familiar Life drinking water, well and Dohuk river wastewater. Therefore, 9 treatments were arranged in Split within Randomized Complete Block Design. The obtained results revealed that Well watered fresh leaf gave the highest weight (24.172g), leaf dry weight (3.1258g), Ca content of dry leaves (3342.4μg.g-1) and Ca content of edible tissue (438.6 μg.g-1). Followed by wastewater, which showed the highest Zn content of dry leaves (72.675 μg.g-1), and Zn content in edible tissue (9.732 μg.g-1). Ufasic was the most effective cultivar in all detected traits, followed by Gigante and the worst was Saxa2. Gigante radish cultivar irrigated by well water appeared to be the most effective treatment, since it manifested the highest values in terms of Ca contents of both dry leaves (3370μg.g-1) and edible leaf tissue (438.6μg.g-1). Keywords: Mineral, Nutritional value, Ca, Ni, Zn, Radish, Water types, waste water

A series of heterocyclic compounds tetrazole (3a-d) and 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one (4a-d) derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of Schiff base derivative (2a-d) with sodium azide, 2-mercptoactic acid respectively. The IR and 1HNMR spectral data of the synthesized compounds were also discussed. Keywords: compounds, sodium azide, Schiff base

The protected dipeptide esters (3a-e, 4a-l) is prepared by the reaction of compounds (1a-e, 2a-d) with dicyclohexylcarbodiamide (as coupling reagent) and amino acid esters .Thereafter hydrazides (5a-e, 6a-j) are obtained by the reaction of corresponding esters with hydrazine hydrate. Hydrazones (7a-e, 8a-e) are synthesized by the reaction of the above hydrazides with p-nitro benzaldehyde , which was cyclized to 2,5- disubstituted 1,3,4- oxadiazole (9a-e, 10a-e) through lead oxide and to phthalazines (13a-b) through hydrochloric acid. 1,3,4- oxadiazole -2- thione (11a-b, 12a-e) were prepared by the reaction of the corresponding hydrazides with carbon disulfide in alcoholic potassium hydroxide. Hydrazides were reacted with ammonium thiocyanate to afford thiosemicarbazide (14a-c) which were cyclized to 1,2,4- triazole -3- thione (15a-b) in sodium hydroxide medium. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by physical and spectral methods. The antibacterial activity of the prepared compounds (5d, 7a, 9e, 10d, 11a, 12e, 13a, 14b) against the gram +ve and –gram –ve Bactria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis) were studied and discussed.

The present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in the serum of non vaccinated ewes by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA), and to investigate possible effect of brucellosis on the serum lipids profiles in infected ewes and find correlation coefficients among all parameters. These study included examination of 120 blood serum samples (collected from non-vaccinated ewes) in different areas of Duhok Governorate, Iraq. Results showed that prevalence of brucellosis(by using I-ELISA) was 39.1% and also showed significant increased in total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), in the investigated ewes (one week post abation) low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein levels, whereas very low density lipoprotein value is significantly decreased compared with the (negative for I-ELISA)- group. Key words: Brucella melitensis infection, lipid profiles, ewes.

2-hydroxy-1-napthaldehyde reacted with diaminophenol in absolute EtOH in a ratio 2:1 to give new Schiff bases (H2L1, H2L2 and H2L3). The obtained Schiff bases which were in tautomeric equilibrium (enol-imine OH… N, keto-amine O…H-N forms) were used as ligands to coordinate Cu (II), Ni (II), and Co (II) leading complexes. The ligands and the complexes were characterized by physicochemical, elemental and spectroscopic analyses. The complexes exhibited 1:1 metal to ligand coordination ratio ( ML1) , (ML2), (ML3). Both Ligands and complexes were evaluated for antibacterial properties using disc diffusion method.. The complexes showed higher activity than the free ligands. KEYWORDS: Schiff Bases, Biological Activity, 2-Hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde , Aromatic Diamines

Background: Combined supplementation with iron and zinc during pregnancy may be effective in preventing deficiencies of these micronutrients. Objective: To assess the effect of combined supplementation of Iron and Zinc versus Iron alone on anemic pregnant patients. Design: Single blind randomized clinical control trial. Setting: This study was carried out in Kurdistan region, Dohuk city/ Iraq from 1st of November 2005 to 31st of October 2006. Hundred anemic pregnant patients completed their first trimester assigned and divided randomly into two groups. First group (A) supplemented daily with 120 mg Iron. Second group (B) received 120mg iron + 22.5mg zinc. The therapy continued for six months. Three Venous blood samples were collected during the study. Results: at time of booking, a baseline blood sample was collected, in which we estimated the hemoglobin, PCV, serum Iron, total serum iron binding capacity and serum zinc. Another two samples were collected three months apart. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS software; independent t-test was applied. Hemoglobin, PCV and serum iron had significantly influenced by the supplement therapy in both groups (p< 0.001). Group B had a significant improvement in their serum iron status (p< 0.0001). A desirable response in hemoglobin and PCV values have been observed in group B three months after treatment. This, however, did not stand between the two groups by the end of the study. A sustained significant rise in zinc level was achieved in group B (p< 0.00). On the contrary, there was a decline in zinc level in group A, especially in the first three months. After that, zinc level started to build up again and showed a significant improvement in respect to the second reading but did not approach the first booking level. Conclusion: The study clearly demonstrated the efficacy of the combined therapy for treating anemia and improving zinc status in pregnancy. Keywords: Supplementation of Iron and Zinc, Iron alone, Anemic pregnant patient, Dohuk.