2024-03

Journal of Advanced Zoology (القضية : 3) (الحجم : 45)

This study presents a solar energy roadmap aimed at attracting investors to capitalize on the abundant solar resources in Zakho, Iraq, for clean energy technology. The objective is to mitigate global warming effects caused by fossil fuel combustion and promote sustainable technological development. To end this, the study employs RETScreen Expert software to validate the techno economic and environmental viability of a gr id connected solar photovoltaic system utilizing climatic data from the Astronaut Office Information System (NASA) Database. Additionally, the Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS) modeling method determines optimal angles for installing res idential rooftop Photovoltaic (PV) systems across selected locations. Results indicate that all selected locations are suitable for solar photovoltaic projects, with Rezgari identified as the optimal district due to its highest annual solar radiation of 18 63.117 kWh/m2 and the highest annual electricity production at 7905.38 kWh. The capacity factor (CF) values fall within the range of 17.395 17.574%. The study reveals an annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction ranging from 6.9876 to 7.1123 (tCO2) a cross four districts. Considering the financial and environmental indicators, Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems emerge as a sustainable and efficient solution to enhance the environment and prove economically viable in Zakho City.

2024-03

Journal of Chemical Health Risks (القضية : 1) (الحجم : 14)

In the past decade, the escalating concern surrounding radon exposure has emerged as a significant challenge in radiation protection. This study specifically targets the assessment of radon concentrations and annual effective doses in groundwater within the Chra, KRG, Iraq. The study employs RAD7 to measure radon concentrations in eleven primary water wells, aiming to evaluate the potential radioactive risks associated with water usage. Results indicate that well water exhibits elevated radon levels compared to other sources, attributable to geological factors. The analyzed samples reveal 222Rn concentrations ranging from 1.75 to 11.99 Bq/L, with an average of 5.44 Bq/L. Remarkably, only one out of the eleven samples surpass the USEPA-specified limit of 11.1 Bq/L. The computed total annual effective dose varies from 31.32 to 213.99 μSv/y, 40.29 to 275.24 μSv/y, and 12.75 to 87.09 μSv/y for infants, children, and adults, respectively. Following WHO guidelines (2004), most calculated effective dose values align with or fall near the acceptable limits of 100 μSv/y. This suggests that most samples are deemed drinkable and safe for consumption.

2024-03

Journal of Chemical Health Risks (القضية : 2) (الحجم : 14)

This study focuses on the assessment of Radon 222Rn exhalation rates from commonly used building tiles in the Duhok region of Iraq. To end this, eighteen samples of tiles prevalent in local construction were collected and analyzed using an Airthings radon detector device. Each sample, weighing 1kg, was placed in a plastic container to evaluate the maximum rate of 222Rn exhalation. The results reveal a reassuring trend, with all exhalation rates falling comfortably within the safety parameters set forth by the World Health Organization (WHO), which recommends a maximum of 100 Bq/l. However, significant variance exists among the exhalation rates of different tile samples. For instance, the Indian Pink Granite exhibits the highest average rate at 46.99 Bq/l, while the Spanish Marble demonstrates the lowest at 2.96 Bq/l. This research underscores the importance of understanding and monitoring radon exhalation rates from building materials to ensure indoor air quality and human health.

2024-02

Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research (القضية : 1) (الحجم : 14)

Tire waste constitutes an undesirable surplus within urban industrial contexts, presenting a persistent annual increase on a global scale. Consequently, the reduction of tire waste through alternative approaches has attracted the interest of researchers around the world. This study evaluated the efficacy of using tire shreds as soil stabilizers to enhance the strength properties of the mixture in three proportions. Tire shred content of 10, 20, and 30% resulted in reduced CBR values of 3.3, 2.98, and 2.3%, respectively, compared to 4.4% without tire shred content. In addition, the direct shear test revealed that the increase in tire shred content significantly increased shear stress, as 10, 20, and 30% tire shred content resulted in 82.25, 84.14, and 85.87 kPa, respectively. Consequently, tire pieces can be used along with soil as an alternative mixture material in retaining structures..

2024-02

Journal of Advanced Zoology (القضية : 2) (الحجم : 45)

Radon, the heaviest of noble gases in the periodic table, is a naturally occurring radioactive nuclide found in rocks, soil, and water. It has gained increasing attention in recent research due to its association with cancer. This study focused on assessing the potential radioactive risks associated with water usage in Zakho, Iraq, by analyzing 16 groundwater samples collected from the primary water source. Alpha spectrometry with RAD7 and RAD-H2O accessories from Durridge CO was employed for assay purposes. The measured 222Rn concentrations ranged from 0.21 ± 0.1 to 19.75 ± 4.8 BqL−1 , with an average of 8.90 Bq. −1. The recorded values indicate that 31% of the data surpasses the specified United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) limit of 11.1 BqL−1 . Notably, the evaluation of the total annual effective dose revealed significant age-related variations. Specifically, 62% of infant samples and 68% of children samples exceeded the acceptable limit of 100 μSv/y, while 25% of adult samples surpassed the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended threshold. The obtained data align with similar studies conducted globally, emphasizing the need for continuous radon monitoring during water consumption. The findings advocate for proactive measures to ensure the safety of these water sources, addressing the pressing concern of radon-related health risks

2023-12

Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research (ETASR) (القضية : 6) (الحجم : 13)

The study aims to determine the concentration of radon to assess the radioactive risk in groundwater in Bardarash, Kurdistan region, Iraq, which relies on groundwater as its primary source of water. Fifty samples were collected from wells for water use and were evaluated with RAD7-active Durridge Electronic Detector. Radon concentrations ranged from 0.93±0.43 Bq/l to 11.39±1.86 Bq/l, with a mean of 7.22 Bq/l and a standard deviation of 2.5. The results were used to estimate the annual effective doses of three categories. The annual effective doses of ingestion of groundwater ranged from 14.26 to 174.61 μSv/y with an average value of 110.73 μSv/y, 19.02 to 232.81 μSv/y with an average value of 147.67 μSv/y, and 4.41 to 54.05 μSv/y with an average value of 34.27 μSv/y, for infants, children, and adults, respectively. Furthermore, the annual effective dosage obtained in inhalation ranged from 2.34 to 28.70 μSv/y, with an average of 18.20 μSv/y. The total annual effective dose ranged from 16.60 to 203.31 μSv/y with an average value of 128.93 μSv/y, 21.35 to 261.51 μSv/y with an average value of 165.84 μSv/y, and 6.76 to 82.75 μSv/y with an average value of 52.48 μSv/y for infants, children, and adults, respectively. The majority of the samples had radon concentrations and effective dosages that were less than the maximum permissible limit of 11.1 Bq/l. This indicates that the majority of the samples are drinkable and safe to consume.

2023-12

مجلة أبحاث في العلوم التربوية والإنسانية والآداب واللّغات العدد 28 الجزء الثاني (القضية : 28) (الحجم : 2)

This research explores sustainable solutions to address environmental challenges arising from population growth and escalating energy demand worldwide. The focus is on implementing Photovoltaic (PV) Systems in Duhok City, responding to the governorate's rapid expansion and heightened energy needs, coupled with soaring production costs. Employing the RETScreen expert for evaluation, the study reveals significant potential in the city for solar energy production, with an annual electricity generation estimate of 7737.1227 kWh and a capacity factor. The proposed PV system boasts a maximum annual electricity production at a significantly reduced cost of 0.0328 ($/kWh), presenting an economically viable alternative compared to the current city rates. Financial assessments support the conclusion that Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems can serve as a sustainable and cost-effective solution to enhance the environment in Duhok City.

2022-09

polish journal of environmental studies (القضية : 6) (الحجم : 31)

Abstract In this study, a model „ADM606M Portable Multifunction Ratemeter /Scalar“ (Gamma GP110 Detector) was used to estimate the effective dose rate in (µSv.h-1). The data were analyzed for three specified hours per day (9:00 a.m., 11:00 a.m., and 1:00 p.m.) from January 2009 to June 2016. In July 2019, the gamma scout radiation meter (dosimeter) was used to measure the outdoor gamma effective dose rate (µSv.h-1) for the same building every minute for three hours, from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m., at 1m above the second floor of the building. The average effective dose rate and average Annual Effective Dose Rate were 0.158±0.013 µSv.h-1 and 0.2614145 mSv.y-1, respectively, within acceptable limits. The excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) value was also assessed to be (0.91495×10– ³), which was found to be greater than the UNSCEAR, 2000 stated world average (0.29×10– ³). The risks of cancer morbidity and mortality for specific organs and tissues from external sources of low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation were also assessed. They showed biological effects associated with the potential long-term exposure of Dohuk city residents to natural background radiation.

2019-10

Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research (القضية : 5) (الحجم : 9)

Abstract— In this study, 13 different surface locations and 20 mud samples were collected during drilling, from one of the oil wells in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The samples were taken at different well depths. RAD7 technique was used for finding the radon concentration. The smallest values in soil and surface were 14.12±8.59 and 16±4.24Bq/m3 and the highest were 93.25+21.72 and 137±8.76Bq/m3 respectively. The difference in the depth and surface formation shows the surface formation over depth ratio. The exhalation rate recorded value of the surface was generally higher than that of the depth formations. The exhalation results were finally compared with the recommended values of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) levels. The data show that it was less than the standards of IAEA.

2017-06

Journals of UoZ (القضية : 2) (الحجم : 5)

ABSTRACT: This study was carried out to examine the concentrations of major heavy metals in fifteen different well water in Zakho City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The studied heavy metals were iron, copper, chromium, aluminum, cadmium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, zinc and lead. The results obtained in the studied area showed that copper, chromium, cobalt, zinc, manganese, aluminum, iron and lead were within the acceptable limits as recommended by WHO for water drinking. However, in all studied areas, cadmium and nickel were mostly founded to exceed the maximum permissible limit set by WHO. It is found that zinc and copper possess a very good positive correlation between each other. The results obtained in this study confirmed the groundwater pollution and hence it is not suitable for consumption without any prior treatment.