البحوث العلمية
2023
Development of spectrophotometric method for the determination of catecholamines in pure and pharmaceutical formulations, using pyromellitic dianhydride reagent by charge …
2023-04
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
A novel, easy, quick and precise spectrophotometric technique has been established for the evaluation of catecholamines (methyldopa, levodopa, dopamine and carbidopa) in pure forms and in their pharmaceutical preparations, this technique is focused on the reaction of these catecholamines as n donor with pyromellitic dianhydride as π acceptor in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The maximum absorptions at 300, 302, 301, and 298 nm for methyldopa, levodopa, dopamine and carbidopa respectively. In a concentration range of Beer's law was obeyed 0.2-40, 0.2-40, 0.2-50 and 0.2-100 µg.mL-1 with molar absorptivities 9921.2975, 8982.8334, 6430.8797 and 5022.7469 L/mol.cm for the catecholamines in turn. The accuracy range between 98.843% and 100.891% and RSD% is less than 2% for the above catecholamines respectively. The detection limit (LOD) was 0.0518, 0.0581, 0.0638 and 0.0579 µg.mL-1
Determination of Heavy metals in Aquatic Samples from Khabur River-Iraq by Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy and some other Parameters: As an Environmental case
2023-03
Journal of Basic Science (JOBS) (القضية : 13)
This research aims to examine heavy metals contents and environmental risk in the Khabur river water in Zakho-Iraq. Ten different locations were selected on the Khabur River from the beginning of its entrance into the Kurdistan region until it overlapped with the Tigris River at the triple border point (Iraq, Surya, and Turkey). Temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved salts, and turbidity were tested locally in the field. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), flame photometer, and titration methods were used to analyses twenty-five metals in water samples. It was found that some heavy metals are undetectable such as Boron, Cadmium, Beryllium, Nickel, antimony, and selenium. Chromium was found in only one location with a concentration of 0.002 mg/L. Aluminum was found at higher than the acceptable levels in two areas with concentrations (0.215 and 0.1893 mg/L). Also, in two other points, Iron was found to be higher than the permissible level (0.397 and 0.311 mg/L). According to Iraqi and World Health Organization standards, other heavy metals were less than the affected value. The Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated to evaluate water quality; the results shown water in one of the locations of the Khabur river was poor in quality, yet in other locations, it was good.
2022
Spectrophotometric determination of clotrimazole and Phenylephrine-HCl in pharmaceutical formulation using 1, 2-naphthoquinone-4-Sulphonic acid sodium salt (NQS) as a chromogenic reagent
2022-03
Journal of the Indian Chemical Society Volume 99, Issue 3, March 2022, 100373 (القضية : 3) (الحجم : 99)
Abstract
A sensitive, rapid and economical spectrophotometric method based on their interaction with NQS reagent in basic medium, which produces orange-colored complexes, has been devised to identify many drugs with amino groups (clotrimazole and phenylephrine-HCl). The maximum absorption for the complexes of clotrimazole and phenylephrine-HCl is 455 and 484 nm, respectively. Beer's law is applicable in the concentration ranges of (2–40) μg/ml for clotrimazole and (0–20) μg/ml for phenylephrine-HCl. The molar absorptivity values are 3931.1760 L/mol.cm and 4521.4074 L/mol.cm of clotrimazole and phenylephrine-HCl respectively with accuracy of 100.0285%–103.1456% and RSD better than 3.3211%. The method has been successfully used to determine these medications in pharmaceutical formulations, and it has been found to be superior to British Pharmacopeia standard procedures. At a 95% confidence level, F and t-tests are less than the tabulated values.
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Graphical abstract
Graphical abstract
2019
DETERMINATION OF SOME HEAVY METALS IN THREE FISH SPECIES FROM DUHOK CITY MARKETS IN KURDISTAN OF IRAQ
2019-12
Science Journal of University of Zahko , pp. 152-157. December, 2019 (القضية : 4) (الحجم : 7)
In this study, the concentrations of some heavy metals including Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb were determined in the muscles
of three commercial fish species available in Duhok city markets in two seasons, using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission
spectrometry (ICP-OES), after the wet digestion process. Lowest and highest mean values of metals in µg/g (dry weight) were as follows:
Al: Under Detection Limit(UDL)-3.71, Cu: UDL-4.00, Fe: 5.40-21.44, Mn: UDL-3.45, Zn: 13.38-140.11, while Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, and Pb were
not detected. The highest levels of Al, Fe and Zn were recorded in Shukhat fish species, and the highest levels of Cu and Mn were recorded
in Shabout in the winter season. The highest level of all metals was recorded for Zn (172.8 µg/g) with the highest mean value of (140.11
µg/g) in Shukhat species during winter. Most heavy metal concentrations were below the international permissible limits for fish, however,
some of the maximum and mean values of metals were above the international standards. Fe concentrations were above the maximum
allowable limits set by WHO (1999). Zn concentrations were above the maximum permissible limits set by joint FAO/WHO (1989) and
FAO (2012).
2016
Geochemical Multi-element ICP-OES Analysis of Borehole Waters from SE Anatolia
2016-04
Atomic Spectroscopy (القضية : 2) (الحجم : 37)
Water supply from bore holesis today used by people from rural areas of Turkey more commonly due to the reduction of available surface water. For this reason, the concentrations of Al, As, B, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Se, Sn, and Zn in borehole waters of the Diyarbakır province (SE Anatolia) were determined in this study. Thirty borehole waters were sampled from different towns and villages. The samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES). The results of the analyses were compared with guidelines as set by Turkey, the WHO, and the EU. From the results it could be concluded that the ICP-OES method can be considered useful for the routine determination of trace elements in waters and similar matrices. For quality control purposes, the certified reference material TMDW-B Drinking
Water was employed for validation. The recovery values were in the range of 93–101%. The Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Sn concentrations in the samples were found lower than the recommended LOD. The concentrations found were in the range of 12.71–111.4 mg/L for Na, 0.76–3.07 mg/L for K, 9.62–115.5 mg/L for Ca, 2.69–41.85 mg/L for Mg, <LOD of 0.12 mg/L for Se, <LOD of 0.21 mg/L for Fe, and <LOD of 0.52 mg/L for Zn. While some of the results were at acceptable guideline limits, the Se amount in six samples was higher than the suggested limit of >10 µg/L
“SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF SOME ALIPHATIC AND AROMATIC AMINES USING P-CHLORANILIC ACID REAGENT BY CHARGE TRANSFER REACTION”
2016-03
Journal of University of Duhok, (Pure and Eng. Sciences), , Pp 44-54 (القضية : 1) (الحجم : 19)
INTRODUCTION
The lone pair on the nitrogen atom causes
amines to be both bases and
nucleophiles(1). Arylamines are generally less
basic than alkyl amines(2). Aliphatic amines find
applications in numerous and varied industries
including chemicals, paper, rubber, corrosion,
plastic and textile(3). Hexylamine is primarily of
interest in surfactants, pesticides, corrosion
inhibitors, dyes, rubber,emulsifiers, and
pharmaceuticals(4).Benzylamine (α-aminotoluene)
is important industrially, which is readily available
by hydrogenation of benzonitrile(5) or amination of
benzaldehyde(6). It is used in the chemical industry
as a starting material for other products(7) . Dipropylamine is a constituent of tobacco smoke(8)
used as a chemical intermediate (9) principally in
the production of certain herbicides(10), and also
used as an intermediate for manufacture of
pesticide, zeolites, rubber chemicals and organic
catalysts(11). Tripropylamine is a tertiary amine
which belongs to the class of trialkylamines. The
main application for tripropylamine is the
production of quats, which are used as phase
transfer catalyst. Smaller applications are the use
of tripropylamine as proton scavenger or as
molecular template in the production of
microporous inorganic catalysts. It is used as an
intermediate for cosmetics industry, catalyst (12). Aminophenols are versatile organic compounds
used in different industries. Both o- and p- aminophenols, which are easily oxidized, are
employed as photographic developers, while m- aminophenol, which is stable in air, is employed
as a hair colorant and as a coupler molecule in hair
dyes(13). o-Anisidine (2-methoxy aniline) is
produced from o-nitroanisol (2-methoxy- nitrobenzene) by catalytic reduction with
hydrogen under pressure in an inert liquid
medium. It is widely used as an intermediate for
the manufacture of many azo dyes, pigments(14). It
is also processed to dyes which are used for paper
and textile dyeing. It is also present in smoke of
cigarette(15). o-Phenylenediamine is used as
intermediate in the manufacture of pigments and
fungicides. It is also used as a photographic
developing agent and in organic synthesis(16). Because of the great importance of amino
compounds, it is seen that it is important to
develop a simple and easy spectrophotometric
method for the determination of a number of
amines (o-, m-, p-aminophenol, benzylamine,
hexylamine, o-anisidine, o-phenylenediamine,
dipropylamine and tripropylamine, scheme (1), as
n-donors via charge transfer complex formation
reaction with p-Chloranilic acid reagent as π- accepter.
2014
Chemical components and antibacterial activity of Gundelia tournefortii (L.) Compositae/Asteraceae (Iraq, Kurdistan Region, Sulaymaniyah, Penjwin area, “Kokhalan”)
2014-06
J. Indian Chem. Soc. (الحجم : 91)
Ethyl acetate and hexane extracts of Gundelia tournefortii (L.) (Compositae/Asteraceae family) consist of the
following components which are determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Both extracts contain
4 expected compounds. Hexane extract involves three components : methyl 14-methylpentadecanoate (27.43%), linoleic
acid, methyl ester (42.32%), linolenic acid, methyl ester (29.48%). While one component was found in ethyl acetate
extract : spiropentane, butyl (55.91%). The antibacterial activities of ethyl acetate and hexane extracts against pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillas subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsilla pneumonie, Pseudomonas aeruginosa)
were measured using well diffusion methods. Considerable differences in the antibacterial activity of plant extracts were
noticed depending on the used bacterial strain or the type and concentration of plant extracts.
Spectrophotometric Assay of some Nitrogen Containing Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulations using p-Chloranilic Acid Reagent
2014-04
Journal of Advances in Chemistry (القضية : 1) (الحجم : 9)
A spectrophotometric method is developed for the determination of some drugs containing amino groups (sulfacetamide sodium, lidocaine and terbutaline sulfate) based on their reaction with p-chloranilic acid reagent in an organic medium forming colored charge transfer complexes. The complexes have maximum absorptions at 530 and 527 nm for sulfacetamide sodium and lidocaine respectively, but terbutaline sulfate gave two maximum absorptions at 529 and 319 nm. Beers law is obeyed over the concentration range of 10-60 µg.ml-1 for sulfacetamide sodium and lidocaine and 5-70 µg.ml-1 for terbutaline sulfate. The molar absorptivity values are 0.940×103 , 0.913×103 L.mol-1 .cm-1 for sulfacetamide sodium and lidocaine respectively while terbutaline sulfate gave 0.987×103 L.mol-1 .cm-1 at 529 nm and 7.407×103 L.mol1 .cm-1 at 319 nm with accuracy range between 100.20% and 101.42% and RSD better than 3.15% for all drugs. The method is applied successfully for determination of these drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and compared favorably with British Pharmacopoeia standard methods. F and t tests are less than the tabulated values at 95% confidence level.
2013
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF CATECHOLAMINES VIA CHARGE TRANSFER COMPLEXATION WITH BROMANIL, APPLICATIONS TO CATECHOLAMINE DRUG FORMULATIONS
2013-06
Journal of University of Zakho (القضية : 1) (الحجم : 1)
A simple, sensitive, rapid and low-cost spectrophotometric method for catecholamine (levodopa, methyldopa and
dopamine) determination in pure and drug formulations is described. This method is based on the complexation
reaction of catecholamine with bromanil. Absorbance of the resulting green colored products is measured at 741 nm
for levodopa complex and, 738 nm for methyldopa and dopamine. Beer's Law is obeyed in a concentration range of
0.2 – 3.5 µg ml-1
for levodopa, 0.1 – 4.0 µg ml-1
for methyldopa, and 0.2 – 2.5 µg ml-1
for dopamine and the molar
absorptivity is 38222, 41474, and 48202 l.mol-1
cm-1
for levodopa, methyldopa, and dopamine respectively, with an
excellent correlation coefficient (r = 0.9974) for levodopa, and (r = 0.998) for both methyldopa and dopamine.. The
results show a simple, accurate, fast and readily applied method to the determination of levodopa methyldopa, and
dopamine in pharmaceutical products. The analytical results obtained for these products by the proposed method are
in agreement with those of the official standard method
الرجوع