RELIGIOUS-SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS IN KIRKUK IN THE LATE OTTOMAN ERA A HISTORICAL DOCUMENTARY STUDY ABSTRACT: The southern region of Kurdistan was among the first geographical areas to embrace Islam following its emergence in the early 7th century CE. With the arrival of the new religion in this part of Kurdistan, mosques began to appear, as they served as the cornerstone and starting point for spreading the principles of Islam. Gradually, mosques were built across Kurdistan, and their religious, scientific, and cultural significance grew in parallel with human development, the construction of villages and cities, and the increasing population. These Kurdish mosques and religious institutions gained a distinguished scholarly status within the Kurdish community from that period until the advent of modern history and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I. Subsequently, with the rise of modern educational institutions, the scientific role of religious institutions diminished to some extent.This study explores the most significant mosques, religious schools, and Sufi lodges (takaya) in the Sanjak of Kirkuk during the late Ottoman period, based on documentary information from the Waqf registers of the Mosul province, of which Kirkuk was administratively a part. The research discusses the historical information provided in these sources, shedding light on modern Kurdish history during the late Ottoman era, particularly in terms of scientific and social aspects. The study also highlights the notable scholars of the Sanjak of Kirkuk and the key scholarly contributions of these mosques and religious institutions. Furthermore, it examines the endowments, both movable and immovable, dedicated by various individuals to some of these religious institutions. The research also delves into the administrative complexities that emerge during the study, and elucidates the nature of the relationship between the Ottoman state and the people of Kirkuk through these religious institutions, as well as the extent to which the Ottomans fulfilled their obligations towards the imams, scholars, and mosques of Kirkuk, given their role as the ruling authority in Iraq at that time. KEYWORDS:Kirkuk,Mosques,Religious Schools,Sufi Lodges,Endowments,Ottomans

ABSTRACT: The Mosque of Prophet Yunus (PBUH) is considered one of the most historically significant mosques in the Islamic world in general, and in Iraq in particular. It has received considerable attention from Muslims at large as well as from rulers, including caliphs, kings, and presidents across various historical periods. Beyond its religious significance, it is renowned as one of Iraq’s archaeological and historical landmarks, believed by the public to contain the tomb of Prophet Yunus (PBUH).This study explores the history of this mosque as a prominent center for religious, administrative, scientific, and public service activities. It particularly focuses on the key functions it performed during the final phase of the Ottoman era—specifically in the 19th century and the first quarter of the 20th century—based on information recorded in the Ottoman Endowment Register of Mosul. KEYWORDS:service functions, scientific roles, religious duties, Shaykh al-Qurrāʾ, imamate.

Nıstury jımarek huzanen çıyay ne dı ayny da krıstyanın mesıhı ne u dı mezhebıda nıstury ne..1.. u zımane wan sıryani ye..2..jiyana wan li ser çandın u xodan kirna terşi uheywaneti bo,zedebary hındek karen heram lı def ciranen wan,wek dirost kirna mey..3.. Ji alye siyasi ve ew dı jiyan dı bın sistemeke ayny u kesek desthelate lı wan dıkıt dı bejıne MARŞEMUN..4.. Derbarey nıfşe wan gelek buçunen cuda hene,hıdek vekoler u dirokzan dı bejın ku nıstury dı nıfşe xuwe de kurdın le bele wan zımane xuwe guhurıye bı zımane kenise lı dema bune mesihi..5.. u hındek dı bejın nıstury aramy ne..6.. u hındek dı bejın ku ew huzen mesihi bun ewen cıhen xuwe helain lı deşta musole lı deme meğuli hatin u kuçbery kırın bu deveren hakkari u urmıye jı tırsen ketluaman de..7.. u hındek di dı bejın ew nevyen cıhya ne ewen ku aşurıyan derexıstin u havetin cıyayen kurdıstane..8.. uhındeken di bıryar dayne ku ew jı nıfşe aşuryane..9..u nıstury ji ve çende dıbejın u ev buçune lı wan xoweş dı et çunki ew lı wan devera dıjın ewen aşury le dıjyan u zımane wanji jı zımanen sami dıte hejmartın. Nıstury lı dewleta osmani dı jıyan lı deveren hakkarı u wane u hıdek lı amede u urfa u merdine u dı heman dem de lı irane jı dıjyan u bıtaybet lı deveren urmye selmas u hındek lı mehabad..10.. Lı dema şere cıhany ye eke peyday buy 1914 de dewleta osmany jı wan xowest dı gel dojmınen wan ne sekının u çı dergehan venekın beramber wan dıjı osmanıyan beramber ve çende dewlet suze dıtıt ku dıbıstan u keniseyan u reka bu wan dırost bıkıt u dı heman dem de de kursyek perlementy dıt nısturyan..11.. u jıber ve çende serok u maquilen nısturyan bıryar dan kongıreke gıre bıdın u cıvina xowe lı colemerge kırın jı bu ku helwiste xowe dıyar bıkın,u pışty cıvin bı dawi haty bune du pışk,seruken huzan u aşiran dı gel hınde bun ku dı gel osmanyan bın u xıyanete lı dewlete ne kın,le bele serdaren wan yen ayny bıryar dan dı gel rusa bın dıjı osmanyan u lı sere wan serdare wan ye ayny marşemun u lı dawye bıryara pışka duwe bı serket u bıryara şeri ragehandın lı ser osmanyan..12..