The current research aims to clarify the concept of the role of smart leadership in achieving digital transformation for a sample of administrative leaders in the Traffic Directorate of Duhok Governorate in order to choose the most appropriate and necessary adaptive procedures for rapid response to continuous environmental changes, through business models that rely on digital technologies to support, develop and innovate services that contribute significantly to improving the services provided in line with modern trends. The current research relied on the smart driving test as an independent variable and the digital transformation as a dependent variable to identify the nature of the correlation and influence relationship between the research variables. The Duhok Traffic Directorate was chosen as a field to conduct the practical aspect, as the data was collected based on a questionnaire form for a sample of administrative leaders in the Duhok Traffic Directorate consisting of (50) forms valid for statistical analysis through the (SPSS V.22) program. The research reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which are: A significant correlation appeared between the dimensions of smart driving and digital transformation, in addition to a significant influence relationship of smart driving on digital transformation. In light of the conclusions, a number of proposals were presented, the most important of which are: the necessity of strengthening and activating the dimensions of smart driving and harnessing them in a way that enhances the ability of the researched directorate to develop its digital capabilities.

The marketing strategies (7Ps) are the cornerstone of any enterprise. Therefore, the current research was designed to investigate the impact of marketing strategies on the sales performance of small and micro-scale enterprises in Duhok Province. In this regard, the research aims to test the impact of relationship marketing strategies (product, price, place.promotion, process, people, and physical evidence) on sales performance, as well as how they can be implemented and managed. Undoubtedly, the current research relied on descriptive and analytical method to conduct this research. For this purpose.the data collection technique included a central and secondary source in order to provide a theoretical framework. As for data analysis tools consist of validity and reliability tests, descriptive statistics of participants and variables, correlation analysis, and impact factor analysis via using the most recent version of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS V.28). Nevertheless, the present research employed a random sampling that consists of business owners of micro and small scale businesses in Iraq-Kurdistan region, which this research just selected Duhok Governorate out of 4 cities. In contrast, the questionnaire survey is the key tool of this research, which was distributed to (150) business leaders (130) questionnaires were gathered, (123) surveys were validated and ready for data analysis and research tests with a response rate valued (82%) of the targeted sample, and reliability factor was (0.928).As a result, several conclusions and suggestions were deduced from this research with an enormous majority of respondents of agreement scales valued (74%). Furthermore, the research concluded that there is a positive significant relationship and impact between marketing strategies (MS) and sales performance (SP) it infers this link is critical to expand profitability.productivity, and growth rates of micro and small areas.

The research deals with one of the contemporary issues in the organizational field, as authenticity is one of the most important foundations adopted by the leadership that has a positive impact on the subordinates and the organizational performance. The basic idea of ​​this study involves the reflection of the Authentic leadership dimensions of administrative leaders on bullying among individuals in the workplace in the Health sector. It aims to diagnose the dimensions of Authentic leadership and its impact on bullying, specifically in State hospitals in Dohuk Governorate in the Kurdistan Region-Iraq, the research population included individuals working in (10) governmental hospitals, which represent 80% of all governmental hospitals in Duhok city. To test research hypotheses, Questionnairen used as a main tool for collecting primary data. 230 of questionnaires were given to individuals working in the studied hospitals and only (197) valid questionnaires entered the process of data analysis. In order to reach the Research objectives and test its hypotheses, all data were analyzed using the SPSS 23. The study revealed that there is a significant correlation between the dimensions of the Authentic leadership which represented by Self-awareness, Balanced Processing, Internalized Moral Perspective, Relational Transparency and bullying in workplace. Hwoever, Balanced Processing and the Internalized Moral Perspective showed statisticaly significant impact on minimizing bullying in workplace, whereas both self-awareness and Relational transparency have not showon statisticaly significant impact on bullying in workplace. The study concluded with the necessity of more studying the literature by researchers and it need more investigating in future, as well as recommending future studies on developmental orientation.