Mercury accumulation affects the gastrointestinal, and renal systems. In this study, we aimed to study the physiological, and histological effects of mercury oxide on the liver and kidney in male Wistar rats. During 22 days, we divided 25 rats into 5 groups. The control group is placed first, followed by vinegar, low, medium, and high dose mercury groups. The control group was given only water. The vinegar-only group was given only vinegar. Mercury oxide-treated (HgO) group was given HgO 0.375 mg/kg/day. Mercury oxide treated group given HgO 1.5 mg/kg/day. Mercury oxide-treated (HgO) group was given HgO 4.5 mg/kg/day. We studied the levels of ALP, LDH, AST, ALT, albumin, creatinine, and urea. Histopathology of the liver and kidney were also studied. The result of this study was hepatic sinusoid dilation, renal tubule degeneration, and glomerulus shrinkage. This study showed non-significant differences among groups in terms of renal glomerulus diameter. The results showed that HgO at dose (1.5 mg/kg/day) had significantly higher levels of LDH, ALT, and AST enzymes when compared to the control group. While at the highest dose of mercury oxide (4.5 mg/kg/day), LDH, ALT, and AST enzyme levels decreased when compared to the lower doses. Our results showed a non-significant increase in urea level. Consequently, our investigation demonstrated that exposure to mercury oxide after therapy may result in toxicity to the kidneys and liver.

Urtica dioica (UD) is used for a number of therapeutic purposes. Has traditionally been used in the control of cardiovascular disorders, especially hypertension. Also, the leaf extract of UD has been reported to improve glucose homeostasis in vivo. This raises the question of the relationship between UD, diabetes, and heart disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of watery leaf extract UD on the heart parameters associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Wistar rats. Animals were divided into 4 groups (N = 25). The untreated normal control rats only received distilled water (n = 8).), diabetic control rats group received alloxan 120 mg/Kg body weight (n = 7), the diabetic rat group treated with UD at 250 mg/kg body weight (n = 5), and the diabetic rats that received UD extract at 500 mg/Kg body weight (n = 5) orally twice daily for 5-6 days. Data showed that in the diabetic group heart rate decreased and induce bradyarrhythmia. After treating diabetic rats with 250 mg/kg enhancement in heart rate was recorded. Additionally, increasing the UD concentration to 500mg/kg further increases the heart rate to the normal value. The current study indicates widen in QRS, which seems to be disturbances of intraventricular conduction that can be seen in right and left bundle branch blocks, heart failure, and myocardial ischemia. Conclusively, these data show that UD appears to have antidiabetic and noncytotoxic properties, it is associated with reducing the effect of diabetics on the heart.

Taurine, a ubiquitous endogenous sulfur-containing amino acid, possesses numerous pharmacological and physiological actions, including antioxidant activity, modulation of calcium homeostasis, and antiapoptotic effects. There is mounting evidence supporting the utility of taurine as a pharmacological agent against heart disease, including chronic heart failure. This study investigated the potential protective effects of taurine, on behavior and cardiovascular function in the male rat following arrhythmia induced by the social stressor. Here, we studied levels of heart electrical activity following experimental conditions: Cage control, social isolation in standard rat housing for 14 days, and pharmacokinetics effect of intravenous administration of different doses of taurine on arrhythmia induced by social isolation in vivo after. The ECG signals and parameters were recorded and analyzed with the aid of Bio Amp of ADInstruments data acquisition system and LabChart software. The results showed infusion of Taurine 1mg/kg/hr, 2.5 mg/kg/hr and 10mg/kg/hr non significantly change heart rate (BPM), QRS intervals, S amplitude (mV), T amplitude (mV), ST height (mV), JT height (mV), QT intervals (s) and QTc (s).

The present study focused on the relaxant effect of themethanolic extract (ME) of Tribulus terristris on rats’ thoracic aortae and included the study of underlying vasorelaxation mechanisms. The methanolic extract produced concentration-dependent relaxation in rats’ aorta. The methanolic extract produced concentration-dependent relaxation in the aortic rings. The use of different K+ channel blockers (BaCl2, 4-AP, GLIB, and TEA) indicated that Kv, KATP, KIR, and KCa and L-type Ca channels played no role in the methanolic extractinduced relaxation. However, with respect to endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors, PGI2 and sGC produced a mild inhibition in the relaxation response to ME while NO produced no effect at all. Based on the novel results of the current study, it can be concluded that T. terrestris methanolic extract (ME) mediated relaxation in isolated rat aortic tissues in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, we discovered that ME-mediated relaxation is endothelium-dependent and that potassium and calcium ion channels play no role in this relaxation with a limited role of PGI2 and sGC.