Abstract This study examines the impact of entrepreneurial ambidexterity, and the synchronization of exploratory and exploitative activities, on academic performance in university departments, and the role of digital capabilities in moderating this impact. Using a descriptive analytical approach, a questionnaire was distributed to 145 department heads at public universities in Duhok Governorate, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The data were validated using SPSS version 29 and SmartPLS 4.1.1, both of which confirmed the study's hypotheses. The results revealed a direct, statistically significant, positive correlation between entrepreneurial ambidexterity and departmental academic performance. Furthermore, digital capabilities were found to have a significant positive performance-modifying effect, enhancing the impact of ambidexterity on the performance of departments with higher digital proficiency. These findings carry potential policy implications for higher education institutions and government bodies in Iraq, suggesting that fostering digital transformation and balanced entrepreneurial practices can enhance academic performance and institutional competitiveness. Keywords: Entrepreneurial ambidexterity, Digital capabilities, Academic performance, Departmental leadership, Higher education

This study explores the impact of entrepreneurial resilience and entrepreneurial success. A researcher conducted a survey of entrepreneurs in small and medium-sized companies in Zakho city in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq to understand the extent to which flexibility affects company growth and success. They used the descriptive analytical approach to analyse the survey data. The questionnaire was the primary approach to data gathering. Data analysis was performed using both SPSS v26 and Smart PLS v 4.0.9. (82) questionnaires were collected from a total of 95 survey cases. The findings of this study show a substantial and statistically significant effect of entrepreneurial resilience on entrepreneurial success. Entrepreneurial resilience is critical to increasing a company's effectiveness and profitability by addressing immediate and continuous difficulties that force it to seek out possibilities, innovate, and face risks. While these results are convincing in the context of the study, it is necessary to be careful when generalizing them to other corporate settings. Further research is recommended to delve deeper into the nuances of entrepreneurial resilience across diverse contexts. This study contributes valuable insights for entrepreneurs seeking to improve performance through entrepreneurial resilience. Through understanding and leveraging forecasting and forcing conditions, organizations can promote better outcomes and achieve success. Keywords: entrepreneurial resilience, entrepreneurial success, Kurdistan region.

This study explores the effect of psychological well-being in promoting innovative work behavior by studying the perspectives of employees working in the general directorates of the Zakho Autonomous Administration in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The primary goal was to know the effect of psychological well-being in enhancing creative work behavior within the specific context of the administrative environment. The study was conducted in general directorates using a descriptive and analytical methodology. The questionnaire was used as the primary tool for collecting data. Data analysis was performed using both SPSS v26 and Smart PLS v 4.1.0.9 (82) correct answers were collected from a total of 105 distributed questionnaires. The results found that there is a strong and statistically significant positive relationship between psychological well-being and innovative work behavior. Psychological well-being plays a pivotal role in enhancing the effectiveness of administrative structures in order to provide a suitable environment that allows employees to be creative and develop their work in order to better serve customers. While these findings are compelling in the context of the study, caution is necessary when generalizing them to other administrative settings. Further research is recommended to delve into the nuances of psychological well-being across diverse contexts. This study contributes valuable insights for organizational leaders seeking to improve performance through psychological well-being. By understanding and benefiting from the factors that lead to psychological well-being, organizations can promote better results and achieve creative behavior. Keywords: Psychological Well-Being, Innovative Work Behavior, Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

This study aimed to investigate the role of strategic success in private universities: the mediating role of innovation adoption in the context of innovative leadership, and analysing the relationship and impact of these variables and providing recommendations for the studied universities that would help them improve the quality of their educational performance. The primary tool for data collection was a questionnaire consisting of 44 items. The study focused on three main variables: innovative leadership and strategic success in addition to innovation adoption as Mediator variable. The selected sample for the practical part of the study included a group of private universities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. A total of 163 questionnaires were distributed to a sample of managers and department heads in 14 private universities in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Of these, 152 questionnaires were retrieved, and 148 were found to be valid for analysis. The study reached a set of conclusions that highlighted the main findings and insights that shaped the interactions between innovative leadership and strategic success in a group of private universities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The study found that the effects of innovative leadership had an impact on the strategic success through the innovation adoption in the studied universities. The study also provided a set of recommendations, the most important of which is that these universities should direct resources towards supporting innovation, both in management and operations, as it is a critical factor in transforming all the resources into tangible and strategic success. 1. INTRODUCTION During the past years the KRI experienced heightened growth in its private university sector because students required access to higher educational opportunities alongside curriculum development toward worldwide qualifications (Ali & Anwar, 2021). Private universities in the KRI encounter multiple obstacles such as budget breakdowns alongside regulatory oversight and market demand distinction. Institutional strategic success can be catalysed through innovative leadership which enables adaptation to environmen

The global competition, dynamic environment, and limited resources nowadays put great pressure on modern institutions, including private universities (PU). Accordingly, entrepreneurial capabilities are needed for the entire organization, effective tools, and keys capable of not only ensuring efficient use of resources but also responding to the rapid dynamics of today’s environment to achieve organizational excellence and improve the performance and suitability of top educational institutions. This study examined the role of entrepreneurial capabilities (EC) in enhancing organizational excellence (OE). The researchers used a descriptive-analytical approach and used the questionnaire as a tool for data gathering. 181 questionnaires out of 210 collected from respondents from heads of scientific departments in a number of private universities in the Kurdistan Region and have been analysed. Data were analysed using the PLS-SEM software version (4.0.7) and also by the SPSS software version (26). The results showed that entrepreneurial abilities (EC) were positively related to organizational excellence (OE), the results also indicated that entrepreneurial abilities (EC) had a positive effect on organizational excellence. Thus, the use of (EC) and (OE) of private universities that are primarily used in private environments will contribute significantly to the knowledge management of those universities. The study suggested that more samples should be included in future studies, and the institution should be used as the unit of analysis. Discussing the level of the hierarchy at which organizational excellence and entrepreneurship are most beneficial to managers is another tool for future research in this field.

This study explores the relationship between strategic maturity and organizational performance (OP) by examining the perspectives of academic and administrative leaders at private universities in the Duhok Governorate in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The primary aim was to explore the strategic maturity impacts organizational performance within the specific context of administrative leadership. The study was conducted at private universities in the Duhok Governorate in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq using a survey methodology. A questionnaire was employed as the primary data collection tool. Data analysis was performed using both SPSS v26 and Smart PLS v 4.0.9. (65) valid responses were collected from the total 72 distributed questionnaires. The research findings reveal a robust and statistically significant positive correlation between strategic maturity and organizational performance. Strategic maturity plays a pivotal role in enhancing the effectiveness of administrative leadership structures. While these results are compelling within the studied context, caution is necessary when generalizing them to other administrative settings. Further research is recommended to delve into the nuances of strategic maturity across diverse contexts. This study contributes valuable insights for organizational leaders seeking to optimize performance through strategic maturity. By understanding and leveraging strategic capabilities, institutions can foster better outcomes and drive success.

Global competition, a dynamic environment, and shrinking resources have created a lot of pressure on today's institutions including private higher education institutions (HEIs). Hence, the need for efficient strategic tools and keys capable of not only ensuring efficient use of resources but, also responding to the rapid dynamism of today's environment to gain organizational excellence and to enhance the performance of higher education institutions and their importance as well. The current study examined the direct effect of strategic Behavior (SB) on organizational excellence (OE). The data was gathered from 181 heads of scientific departments from a number of private universities in the Kurdistan region, which were analyzed using the both PLS-SEM version (4.0. 7), and the Spss version (26). The results of the analysis showed that strategic Behavior (SB) had significantly related to organizational excellence (OE), the results also present that strategic Behavior has a significant effect on organizational excellence except for the reactor’s Behavior pattern, which had an insignificant effect on organizational excellence. Thus, the results of the current study will give additional insights into the appropriate strategic Behavior patterns to reach organizational excellence in private universities in the Kurdistan Region.