A series of pyrimidine derivatives and were synthesized by condensation of thienylchalcones and urea ,thiourea under phase transfer catalysis conditions( P.T.C) with excellent yields,in addition to the short reaction time. The mechanism of reaction and the structure of the synthetic compounds were determined using physical analysis methods IR and 1H-NMR. The compounds were also screened for radical scavenging activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Compounds A6 and A8 showed radical scavenging more potent than the standard antioxidant, ascorbic acid . While the other compounds showed mild and varying activities.

Phase transfer catalysis PTC is one of the most widely used techniques in the preparation of a wide range of compounds not only in organic chemistry but also a broadly useful in several other areas of chemistry. There have been extensive studies that have been used to synthesize many compounds that are biologically important with highly efficient and the percentage of the product and purity are high with perfect time. In this study, a number of chalcones were prepared and reacted with phenoxy acetamide, 4-methyl phenoxy acetamide and phenyl mercapto acetamide for the preparation of 2–pyridones compounds under phase transfer catalysis conditions. The reaction mechanism and the structure of the resulting compounds were determined using physical analysis methods IR and 1 H-NMR. 13 C-NMR was also measured for some compounds.

2-Hydroxy Chalcone and its derivatives (compounds 1and 2) were used in a toxicity test on the larvae and adults of confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum (Du Val). Mortality tests were done by applying different concentrations (0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 ppm) on 2-Hydroxy Chalcone and its derivatives which were exposed by topical application with 5 µL of each compound and the data were recorded after 24 h of treatments. The mortality% of [7-Hydroxy-9-(pyridine-4-yl)-6H-benzo [C] chromen-6-one] in (compound 2) were 26.6, 50 and 76.67% and 16.67, 36.67 and 63.3% and 13.3, 23.3 and 36.6% to 3rd, 5th instar larvae and adults, respectively. While in [3-thinyl-1-(2-hydroxynaphthyl)-1-propene](compound 1), the mortality% were 23.3, 40 and 66.6% and 13.3, 30 and 56.6% and 6.6, 16.6 and 26.6% to 3rd, 5th instar larvae and adults, respectively. The results indicated that (comp. 2) was the most toxic one and (comp. 1) was the least toxic to confused flour beetle when applied singly. The calculated LC50 values to (compound 2) were 0.019, 0.028 and 0.074 ppm to 3rd, 5th instar larvae and adults, respectively. While to (compound 1), the LC50 values were 0.025, 0.034 and 0.106 ppm to 3rd, 5th instar larvae and adults, respectively. The order of toxicity of the chemical compounds was 2> 1. These chemical compounds can be used to control confused flour beetle.

In this paper, pH-sensitive hydrogels were prepared and developed from cellulose fibers extracted from rice husks with sodium alginate by using a double cross-linker. Cellulose fibers extraction process was carried out by alkaline and bleaching treatment. Cellulose fibers were used in variable quantities to investigate their effects on swelling degree. The resulted hydrogels showed a very strong swelling (1785–2718%) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7), good swelling (776–1195%) in pH 10, and less swelling (81–124%) in pH 4. All of these swelling degrees and more properties of the resulted cellulose fibers and hydrogels were tested and evaluated via some techniques like Infrared spectroscopy (ATR), thermal analysis (TG, DTG, DSC, and DTA), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These results show that cellulose/alginate hydrogels could provide many possible applications in the biomedical, and purification of the wastewater by adsorbing pollutants

Many biomedical applications including controlled drug delivery systems have been developed based on hydrogel technologies. Different composite hydrogels including synthetic and natural polymers can be produced to controllable systems in drug deliver application. In this study, poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)-Gelatin hydrogel membranes were prepared by the esterification reaction between hydroxyl groups of PVA and carboxyl groups of Gelatin to deliver Captopril as a model of drug. Captopril was successfully loaded into PVA-Gelatin hydrogel membrane in different ration of Gelatin (10:1, 10:2, 10:3, 10:4, 10:5, 10:6, 10:7, and 10:8). The prepared hydrogel membranes were characterized by Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The effects of different process parameters, like percentage of Gelatin, size distribution, swelling behavior and in vitro drug releasing from hydrogel membrane in different phosphate buffer solutions pH (7.1 and 3.9) were studied. The models of kinetics of releasing drug were investigated by using different types of mechanisms (Zero-order, First order, Higuchi’s model and Korsmeyer-Peppas Model).

The present work includes the preparation of a series of substituted chalcones (1-5) and condensation of these chalcones with phenyl hydrazine and thiosemicarbazide to afford the new pyrazolines (6-12) through 1,4 nuclephilic addition (Michael addition) under basic condition . Also some new pyrimidines (13-16) were prepared by 1,4 nucleophilic addition of guanidine hydrochloride to the chalcones under basic condition . The spectroscopic methods and physical properties were used to confirm the structure of the new product . The suggested mechanisms of most of the reactions were investigated theoretically on the basis of the values of heat of formation and steric en f the product.

A series of alpha-arylidene cyclohexanones (1-4) had been prepared via Claisen-Schmidt condensation, while other series of N-arylidene benzylamines Schiff bases( 5-10) had also been synthesized by equimolar addition. The 1,3-anionic cycloaddition of Schiff bases to alpha-arylidene cyclohexanones under basic conditions afforded the corresponding spiro pyrrolidines (11-23). The structures of the products are supported by valid spectral data and physical properties. Theoretical data had been used to support the suggested

A series of Schiff bases N-Arylidene benzylamie (1-6) have been prepared, and through 1,3-anionic cycloaddition under strong basic conditions were added to benzoquinone to afford the fused new pyrrolidines (7 -12). The spectroscopic methods were used to confirm the structures of the new products , as well as melting points. The suggested mechanisms of most of the reactions were investigated theoretically on the basis of the values of heat of formation and steric energy of the products. A preliminary biological activity on E. coli and Staph. aureus of the products had also been tested.