This research used an aqueous leaf extract of Allium Caliphalum Wendelbow as an eco-friendly stabilizing and capping agent for the production of ZnO NPs. Different characterization techniques, including SEM, UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, and EDX, were employed to analyze the morphology, structural, optical, and chemical properties of the ZnO nanoparticles. The SEM analysis revealed that the average particle sizes ranged between 30 and 72 nm depending on pH, but the crystallite sizes obtained from XRD ranged from 15 to 24 nm. UV-Vis spectroscopy indicated a bandgap energy range of 3.14 to 3.25 eV, dependent on the pH of the reaction mixture. The FTIR spectra confirmed the existence of functional groups from the plant extract that facilitate the reduction and stabilization process. The photocatalytic efficacy of ZnO NPs was assessed by decomposing methyl orange dye under ultraviolet irradiation. The nanoparticles produced at an ideal pH of 8 demonstrated the greatest degrading efficiency of 74% in 140 min, owing to their reduced size, enhanced crystallinity, and advantageous bandgap energy (~ 3.25 eV). The findings underscore the substantial impact of pH on the physicochemical and photocatalytic characteristics of biosynthesized ZnO NPs, providing a sustainable method for wastewater treatment applications

This research used an aqueous leaf extract of Allium Caliphalum Wendelbow as an eco-friendly stabilizing and capping agent for the production of ZnO NPs. Different characterization techniques, including SEM, UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, and EDX, were employed to analyze the morphology, structural, optical, and chemical properties of the ZnO nanoparticles. The SEM analysis revealed that the average particle sizes ranged between 30 and 72 nm depending on pH, but the crystallite sizes obtained from XRD ranged from 15 to 24 nm. UV-Vis spectroscopy indicated a bandgap energy range of 3.14 to 3.25 eV, dependent on the pH of the reaction mixture. The FTIR spectra confirmed the existence of functional groups from the plant extract that facilitate the reduction and stabilization process. The photocatalytic efficacy of ZnO NPs was assessed by decomposing methyl orange dye under ultraviolet irradiation. The nanoparticles produced at an ideal pH of 8 demonstrated the greatest degrading efficiency of 74% in 140 min, owing to their reduced size, enhanced crystallinity, and advantageous bandgap energy (~ 3.25 eV). The findings underscore the substantial impact of pH on the physicochemical and photocatalytic characteristics of biosynthesized ZnO NPs, providing a sustainable method for wastewater treatment applications.

In this study, zinc oxide nanorods were synthesized using chemical bath deposition with a ZnO seed layer on glass substrates via successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction. The effect of annealing temperature on the seed layer was investigated using various characterization tech- niques. Results show that annealing temperature significantly influenced the morphology and quality of ZnO NRs. As the temperature increased from 0°C to 500°C, the nanorod length grew from 591 to 1008 nm. Optimal conditions were found at 450°C, with a growth rate of 4.2 nm/min and an aspect ratio of 11. The crystalline size ranged from 10.56 to 52.93 nm, confirmed by XRD analysis, showing the hexagonal wurtzite structure. The bandgap energy varied from 3.221 eV to 3.2656 eV, reflecting the impact of annealing on optical properties. Optical transmittance was highest at 0°C, decreasing from 57% to 13% as the annealing temperature increased.

The simplest chemical spray approach has been used to grow the zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs). For spraying, a basic perfume automizer was employed. Additionally, utilizing a variety of characterization techniques, the effects of various growth temperatures on the ZnO NRs properties were looked into and evaluated. The results of the investigation demonstrated that the growing temperature significantly affects all-characteristics properties of the ZnO NRs fabricated using the most straightforward spray approach. At various growth temperatures, the average diameters (size) and average crystalline sizes along with (002) of grown ZnO NRs were in the ranges of (47.89-51.29) nm and (44.128-52.565) nm, respectively. The hexagonal wurtzite plane was the optimum direction for ZnO NRs to be oriented, and as growth temperatures are raised. The absorption edge changed toward longer wavelengths and as growth temperature increased, the average absorbance also increased. The optical analysis reveals that the direct Eg. of the produced ZnO NRs lies in the (3.182-3.250) eV range.