Khabur region was considered one of the important Geography and economic areas during the ancient Periods; also the Khabur River had the most important role in human attraction and stability there. Many numerous famous settlements and towns were held on its banks at the time. Furthermore, This region witnessed important events in ancient history, as it was the theatre of the political events and military conflicts between the kingdoms and the old Empires, all because of the advantages that this region used to have at the time and the location it had on the crossroads of important roads and which also resembled a link between the cities of Syria and Mesopotamia from one side, and Anatolia and Zagros regions from the other side. All of this contributed to a raise in the standards of economic and social life in the presence of Khabur in ancient periods. This study sheds the light on the Khabur region and the most important areas that have been excavated in it and the architectural effects and cuneiform discovered there, also describes the details of the political situation in the region at that time, and the most important military campaigns waged by kings in ancient periods according to what had been stated in the cuneiform Texts and royal inscriptions. This research included an introduction and four chapters in addition to the extension of maps and forms, as well as the conclusion of the study which states the most important conclusions of this study. The first chapter, deals with the topography of Khabur area and the most important archaeological sites in it, while the second chapter entitled "The Importance of Khabur region during ancient periods." In which the importance of basin area of Khabur area as a business distract is highlighted,. While the third chapter is devoted to study the Khabur basin area during the second millennium B.C., and consisted of three sections; the first section studies the Khabur basin area during the Babylonian- Assyrian old period (2000 - 1500 B.C.), while the second section is concentrating on the history of the Khabur basin area during Mitanian period (1500-1250 B.C.), the third section studies the Khabur basin area during the second half of the Assyrian Middle Ages (1350-911 B.C.). The last chapter is entitled" The Khabur basin area during the first millennium B.C.", and consisted of two sections: Section I, deals with the Khabur basin area during the new Assyrian period (911-612 BC), while the second section was devoted to the study of the Khabur basin area during the new Babylonian period (626 -539 BC).