English العربية کوردی

I’m  Jaafar Abdullah Mohammed

Assistant Professor

Specialties

Tunnel Structures

jaafar.brifkani@uoz.edu.krd
07507371922
Iraq , Zakho
0
Awards
8
Published Journal Articles
2
Thesis
0
Training Course

1
Book Chapter
15
Conference
3
Presentation
2
Workshop

Education

Assistant Professor

Civil EngineerinEngineering from Univeristy of Zakho

2025

PhD Degree in Civil Engineering

Department of Geotechnics and Underground Engineering from VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic

2020

Master Degree in Civil Engineering

Department of Geotechnics and Underground Engineering from VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic

2009

B.Sc. in Civil Engineering

Department of Geotechnics and Underground Engineering from VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic

2007

B.Sc. in Irrigation & Drainage Engineering

Irrigation & Drainage Engineering from Duhok University

2000

Membership


2002

2002-01-01,current
Iraqi Scientific Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering

Member

2000

2000-01-01,current
Member of the Syndicate of Engineers in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Consultant Engineer

Academic Title

Assistant Professor

2000-01-15

Published Journal Articles

University of Duhok (Issue : 2) (Volume : 26)
Geological and Geotechnical Investigations of Gali Zakho Tunnel, Duhok, Kurdistan Region – Iraq

Geographically, northern Iraq, specifically on the border between Iraq, Turkey, and Iran, is considered a... See more

Geographically, northern Iraq, specifically on the border between Iraq, Turkey, and Iran, is considered a complex geological area consisting of different types of rocks, including sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. The height of the mountains in these areas ranges between 2,000 and 4,000 meters. Recently, many changes occurred in the region as a result of natural disasters such as earthquakes, random drilling of wells, and the rapid development of multi-story buildings, which led to many modifications in the geology of the Kurdistan Region. In order to construct any tunnel, the geological plan and profiles should be formed by evaluating the site investigations, and the boreholes should be drilled through the tunnel route. Accurate investigations about the geological structure and nature of the ground can be conducted during the excavation. Also, essential laboratory tests are done on core samples extracted from boreholes along the tunnel. The behaviors of the geological and geotechnical situation of the tunnel are presented, focused on the inlet of the tunnel. This work relied on previous geological investigation surveys that were conducted in the region and related to this subject, the results of geological field mapping and laboratory tests, and the geological and geotechnical parameters used for the design and construction of the tunnel. The best excavation method that can be used in this area is the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM), based on the economic and area conditions.

 2023-12
University of Duhok (Issue : 1) (Volume : 2660)
Prediction of the position and construction procedures response of static and dynamic conditions in the twin tunnel construction

Several factors influence the design and construction of twin tunnels, including the distance between the... See more

Several factors influence the design and construction of twin tunnels, including the distance between the twin tunnels, their location, and the method of construction, among others. Surface and sub-surface structure are affected by tunnel failures. Geotechnical and geological conditions, design, and appropriate construction procedures are the main causes of failures. Understanding the distributions of various stresses on tunnels is important for tunnel stability. After construction, the findings of static and dynamic analysis were concentrated at (stress and displacement). To analyze the behavior of position and construction process of twin tunnels, a series of three-dimensional numerical analysis were performed. New geotechnical software called MIDAS GTS NX (v. 2015) was utilized to model the twin tunnel. Collecting data from a variety of studies on this issue that have been done by prior authors. Linear elastic behavior is one of a well-known method of tunnel analysis and modeling that assumes the material is linear, isotropic, and homogenous. Usually, the first tunnel (for example, the upper tunnel) is construct first, followed by the second. The present study is a particular case, both twin tunnels were excavated at the same time. The purpose of this research is to compare the impacts of tunnel position and construction procedure on the tunnel structure and surrounding ground.

 2022-11
Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, Springer (Volume : 9)
SIMULATION OF TUNNEL LINING AND SURROUNDING ROCK MASS RESPONSE TO CONSTRUCTION LOADS

The major design parameters related in tunnel engineering are loads, tunnel dimensions, geological and geotechnical... See more

The major design parameters related in tunnel engineering are loads, tunnel dimensions, geological and geotechnical properties of the ground surrounding the tunnel, which controls stresses and deformation of this underground structure. The effects of static loads during tunneling with shield Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) on the rock mass and segmental concrete lining are considered. Applied static loads are (self-weight, drilling or excavation pressure, jack thrust, shield external pressure and segment external pressure). A comparison of the results of maximum total displacement and principal stresses of soft rock for different tunnel diameters including (D = 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 m) is performed. Tunnel lining of a circle tunnel were assumed to behave in a simple linear elastic way. Rock mass is assumed to be Isotropic, homogeneous and elastic rock in this modelling. The numerical analysis has been simulated and evaluated for each models separately. The thickness of tunnel lining for all models was assumed as 30 cm. The main concluding points of this study are to analyze the behavior of tunnel lining and the surrounding rock under static loads during the construction processes using numerical modeling.

 2018-05
Transactions of the VSB – Technical University of Ostrava, Safety Engineering Series. (Issue : 1) (Volume : 18)
Assessment of Static and Dynamic Stresses Horse-Shoe Tunnel with Connecting Gallery using Finite Element Method: (As a Case Study).

This paper illustrates the use of MIDAS GTS NX to investigate the tunnel’s simulation in... See more

This paper illustrates the use of MIDAS GTS NX to investigate the tunnel’s simulation in order to highlight the effect of static and dynamic load on the behaviour of tunnel to compare this response expressed in terms of displacement and stresses acting on the tunnel and ground. Main tunnel is located in the ground having uniform property throughout its extent, connecting gallery is located perpendicular to the main tunnel, the shotcrete and rock bolts for each tunnel will be installed

 2018-01
Research Journal of Mining (Issue : 1) (Volume : 1)
NUMERICAL MODELLING FOR CIRCLE TUNNEL UNDER STATIC AND DYNAMIC LOADS FOR DIFFERENT DEPTH

The aim of this paper is to analyse the effects of internal and seismic loads... See more

The aim of this paper is to analyse the effects of internal and seismic loads on the stability of circle tunnels at different depth using response spectrum. A full 3D numerical model using the finite element software program MIDAS GTS NX is established. It is often assumed that the effect of earthquakes on underground structures such as tunnels is negligible but the results of this study show that the stress caused by seismic loads can be harmful to the tunnel stability [22].Most of the researcher explains that shallow tunnels suffer higher damage compared to deep structures. During the Shield TBM excavation, it is assumed that the excavation pressure and the Jack thrust are applied on the shield excavation face the Shield external pressure and segment external pressure are applied around that face. This work study a 3D numerical modelling was prepared to simulate the static and dynamic behavior of circular tunnels, were undertaken to investigate the seismic tunnel response conditions to compare the results in the displacement, stresses, forces and bending moments acting in the tunnel lining

 2017-01
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARITY IN THEORY AND PRACTICE
UTILIZATION OF MATHEMATICAL MODELLING TO THE ASSESSMENT OF TUNNEL FACE STABILIZING PRESSURE

One of the important tasks in mechanized tunneling using tunnel boring machines is to determine... See more

One of the important tasks in mechanized tunneling using tunnel boring machines is to determine the required face pressure ensuring its stabilization. Calculation methods, which are used to the evaluation of face pressure, differ in their mathematical basis, calculation assumptions, the degree of conservatism of results, required computing time and calculation efficiency, which is a very important factor, particularly when practical problems is solved. Analytical calculations to determine the required stabilizing face pressure mainly rely on limit equilibrium methods and plasticity theory. The “lower bound theory” allows obtaining a statically acceptable solution which, however, is quite conservative. On the other hand, the “upper bound theory” allows obtaining kinematically acceptable non-conservative solution. Although numerical methods (finite element method, etc.) to determine the tunnel face pressure allow modelling this problem with more general calculation assumptions (inhomogeneous environment, etc.) as compared with the above analytical methods, the creation of the model and the actual calculation are more time consuming. The paper presents the comparison of the face pressure values obtained from analytical models of different authors, and from the numerical model, created by the authors of this paper in MIDAS GTS. The paper concludes comparative charts for various computational methods and analysis of the results.

 2016-01
GSTF Journal of Engineering Technology (JET) (Issue : 3) (Volume : 3)
Mathematical modeling of foundation-subsoil interaction

The contribution presents the results of 3D-stochastic modelling of slab-subsoil interaction. The cooperation between the... See more

The contribution presents the results of 3D-stochastic modelling of slab-subsoil interaction. The cooperation between the centric loaded concrete foundation slab (square shape, dimension 2 m x 2 m, thickness 0.1 m) has been modeled as a contact problem using software MIDAS GTS (based on the finite element method). To take into account the stochastic character of the soil characteristics the stochastic simulation Latin Hypercube Sampling method was used. Four input stochastic parameters of soil were considered - elastic modulus, unit weight, friction angle and cohesion. From the contact modelling viewpoint two variants were modelled – first variant neglected the interface elements on the contact, in the second one the interface elements were involved into the model. The contribution presents the 90% confidence interval for the settlement in the centre of the upper surface of the slab and for the contact stresses below the slab also. The results of experimental measurements were used to the calibration of the model.

 2015-10
GSTF Journal of Engineering Technology (JET) (Issue : 3) (Volume : 3)
Using CFRP for Enhancing of Circular Cutout in High Strength RC Deep Beam

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of the using of carbon fiber... See more

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of the using of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) to enhance the high strength reinforced concrete (RC) deep beam in case of creating a circular cutout throughout its web. A set of 5 specimens were grouped and investigated to evaluate the structural behavior in terms of shear strength capacity and deflection. The specimens were 1200mm long with rectangular cross-section of 100x500mm. Two symmetric circular cutouts of 150mm diameter were made at midpoint of each shear span. CFRP strips were installed around the cutouts in three different configurations in order to enhance the cutout zone. The results of this experimental work showed that the diagonal configuration of CFRP strips around the cutout was the best one, as the ultimate shear strength ratio with respect to control solid beam was 0.97, while it was 0.86 for control beam with cutouts. A significant positive effect was observed on the deflection for the beams that enhanced with CFRP strips. Also, CFRP sheet oriented diagonally around cutout was the most appropriate for reducing the deflection.

 2015-07

Thesis

2020
Numerical Analysis of Static and Dynamic Response of Urban Tunnel Lining

Ph.D.

 2025
2009
Design of Utility Tunnel Construction in the Ostrava City Center

M.Sc.

 2025

Conference

4th International Conference on Recent Innovations in Engineering (ICRIE 2023)
 2023-11
Geological and Geotechnical Investigations of Gali Zakho Tunnel, Duhok, Kurdistan Region – Iraq

Geographically, northern Iraq, specifically on the border between Iraq, Turkey, and Iran, is considered a complex geological area consisting of different types of rocks, including sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. The height of the mountains in... See more

Geographically, northern Iraq, specifically on the border between Iraq, Turkey, and Iran, is considered a complex geological area consisting of different types of rocks, including sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. The height of the mountains in these areas ranges between 2,000 and 4,000 meters. Recently, many changes occurred in the region as a result of natural disasters such as earthquakes, random drilling of wells, and the rapid development of multi-story buildings, which led to many modifications in the geology of the Kurdistan Region. In order to construct any tunnel, the geological plan and profiles should be formed by evaluating the site investigations, and the boreholes should be drilled through the tunnel route. Accurate investigations about the geological structure and nature of the ground can be conducted during the excavation. Also, essential laboratory tests are done on core samples extracted from boreholes along the tunnel. The behaviors of the geological and geotechnical situation of the tunnel are presented, focused on the inlet of the tunnel. This work relied on previous geological investigation surveys that were conducted in the region and related to this subject, the results of geological field mapping and laboratory tests, and the geological and geotechnical parameters used for the design and construction of the tunnel. The best excavation method that can be used in this area is the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM), based on the economic and area conditions.

The 4th International Conference on Materials Engineering & Science (IConMEAS 2021)
 2022-11
Prediction of the Position and Construction Procedures Response of Static and Dynamic Conditions in the Twin Tunnel Construction

Design and construction of twin tunnels are influenced by several points such as distance between the two tunnels, position and construction procedure, etc. Tunnel failures has an influence on surface and sub-surface structure. The failures... See more

Design and construction of twin tunnels are influenced by several points such as distance between the two tunnels, position and construction procedure, etc. Tunnel failures has an influence on surface and sub-surface structure. The failures mostly result from geotechnical and geological conditions, design and suitable construction methods. For tunnel stability, it is very important to understand the distributions of various stresses on tunnels. Displaying the results of static and dynamic analysis after construction were concentrated at (stress and displacement). A series of three-dimensional numerical analyses were carried out to evaluate the behavior of position and construction process of twin tunnels. New geotechnical software called MIDAS GTS NX (v. 2015) has been used to model the twin tunnel in different cases. Collecting different data from several researches respect to this topic subjected by previous authors. Linear elastic behavior is the familiar way to analyses and modeling tunnel which assumed that the material is linear, isotropic and homogeneous. On other hand, first tunnel (e.g. upper tunnel) has been constructed firstly then they start to construct the second one. In special case, both of twin tunnels can be excavated at the same time. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of position and construction procedure on the tunnel structure and the surrounding ground, comparing with the previous work.

3rd international conference on recent innovations in engineering (ICRIE)
 2020-12
SIMULATION OF TUNNEL LINING AND SURROUNDING ROCK MASS RESPONSE TO CONSTRUCTION LOADS

The major design parameters related in tunnel engineering are loads, tunnel dimensions, geological and geotechnical properties of the ground surrounding the tunnel, which controls stresses and deformation of this underground structure. The effects of static... See more

The major design parameters related in tunnel engineering are loads, tunnel dimensions, geological and geotechnical properties of the ground surrounding the tunnel, which controls stresses and deformation of this underground structure. The effects of static loads during tunneling with shield Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) on the rock mass and segmental concrete lining are considered. Applied static loads are (self-weight, drilling or excavation pressure, jack thrust, shield external pressure and segment external pressure). A comparison of the results of maximum total displacement and principal stresses of soft rock for different tunnel diameters including (D = 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 m) is performed. Tunnel lining of a circle tunnel were assumed to behave in a simple linear elastic way. Rock mass is assumed to be Isotropic, homogeneous and elastic rock in this modelling. The numerical analysis has been simulated and evaluated for each models separately. The thickness of tunnel lining for all models was assumed as 30 cm. The main concluding points of this study are to analyze the behaviour of tunnel lining and the surrounding rock under static loads during the construction processes using numerical modeling.

12th fib International PhD Symposium in Civil Engineering.
 2018-08
Numerical simulation for horizontal tunnels with vertical alignment affected by static and dynamic loads

Most of the researchers are constructed twin tunnels as horizontal, in some cases the twin tunnel verti-cally overlapping lined horizontal tunnels are constructed in order to avoid the other structure as like pile foundations. This... See more

Most of the researchers are constructed twin tunnels as horizontal, in some cases the twin tunnel verti-cally overlapping lined horizontal tunnels are constructed in order to avoid the other structure as like pile foundations. This paper illustrates the 3D numerical model by using software MIDAS GTS NX which is established to investigate the tunnel simulation in order to highlight the effect of static and dynamic load on the behaviour of tunnel lining. There are several points which have effect on the results of de-sign as like distance between the two tunnels, the stiffness and density of the lining material and ground, the character and magnitude of seismic loading, etc. Inner diameter of analysed tunnel is marked of D = 6 m. Thickness of concrete lining corresponds of t = 0.3 m. The depth of the top part of tunnel from the ground level is of 10D m below the surface of the ground. Distance of the twin tunnel centres is of 3D m. Response Spectrum of UBC (1997) is used as seismic response spectrum, were undertaken to com-pare the results in the displacement and stresses acting on the grouting/segment to find the quantity of deformation through tunnelling, finally to approve that the applied dynamic stress is not negligible for underground structure, but it is less dangerous in comparison with the others.

GCEC 2017
 2018-05
Numerical Modelling for Twin Horizontal Circle Tunnels under Static and Dynamic Loads.

According to recent studies and observed failures of underground structures, many researchers have addressed the design and construction of tunnel lining against static/dynamic loads and earthquake vibration to get the safety of these structures. Therefore... See more

According to recent studies and observed failures of underground structures, many researchers have addressed the design and construction of tunnel lining against static/dynamic loads and earthquake vibration to get the safety of these structures. Therefore this paper includes the study of the behavior of tunnel lining due to static and dynamic loads. Inner diameter of tunnel is D m. Concrete lining of thickness 0.3 m. The depth of the tunnel centre line from the ground level is 10 D below the surface of the ground, the twin tunnel centre are 3D. After tunnel model is created in the software MIDAS GTS NX, the model is run to analyze the tunnel stability and deformation in static and dynamic conditions by calculating the value of each mesh node based on 3D finite element method and were undertaken to investigate the seismic tunnel response conditions to compare the results in the displacement, stresses, forces and bending moments acting on the tunnel lining. Due to the application of the static load the stress–strain state around the tunnel periphery is changed, the primary stress state is disrupted and the potential of instability increases, otherwise the result shows that the applied dynamic stress is not negligible for underground structure, but it is less dangerous in comparison with the others.

Sborník příspěvků 16. mezinárodní konference Geotechnika 2018
 2018-01
Numerical modelling of horse-shoe tunnels with respect to static and dynamic loads.

Several loads are occurring in tunnel construction process that can be divided into number of stages. In each of these stage, the tunnel lining and surrounding soil affected by different loads which can cause the... See more

Several loads are occurring in tunnel construction process that can be divided into number of stages. In each of these stage, the tunnel lining and surrounding soil affected by different loads which can cause the deformation and instable. This paper illustrates the use of MIDAS GTS NX to investigate the tunnel’s simulation in order to highlight the effect of static and dynamic load on the behaviour of tunnel to compare this response expressed in terms of displacement and stresses acting on the tunnel and ground. Main tunnel is located in the ground having uniform property throughout its extent, connecting gallery is located perpendicular to the main tunnel, the shotcrete and rock bolts for each tunnel will be installed.

2nd International Conference on Engineering Sciences and Technologies, ESaT 2016-2017
 2017-07
Determination of tunnel face stabilizing pressure using numerical and analytical methods

One of the important tasks in mechanized tunneling using tunnel boring machines is to determine the required face pressure ensuring its stabilization. For the solution of this task various methods can be used. Analytical calculations... See more

One of the important tasks in mechanized tunneling using tunnel boring machines is to determine the required face pressure ensuring its stabilization. For the solution of this task various methods can be used. Analytical calculations to determine the required stabilizing face pressure are mainly based on limit equilibrium methods and plasticity theory. Although numer-ical methods (finite element method, etc.) to determine the tunnel face pressure facilitate the modelling of this problem with more general calculation assumptions (inhomogeneous envi-ronment, etc.) as compared with the above analytical methods, the creation of the model and the actual calculation are more time consuming. The paper presents the comparison of face pres-sure values obtained from analytical models of different authors, and from the numerical model. The paper concludes by presenting the resulting comparative charts for various computational methods and an analysis of obtained results.

15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, ADVANCED METHODS AND TRADITIONS IN GEOTECHNICS – SLOVAKIA
 2017-07
Assessment of Internal Forces in Circle Tunnel Resulted from Seismic Load Using Finite Elements Method (Case study: Comparison in Different Diameters)

A full three-dimensional (3D) numerical model using the finite element software program MIDAS GTS NX is established to investigate the tunnel’s simulation in order to highlight the effect of enter force and elements of construction... See more

A full three-dimensional (3D) numerical model using the finite element software program MIDAS GTS NX is established to investigate the tunnel’s simulation in order to highlight the effect of enter force and elements of construction procedure on the behaviour of segmental tunnel lining. It is important noticing that shallow tunnels suffer higher damage compared to deep structures. Many numerical analyses were carried out in order to verify and compare the stresses, normal forces and bending moments acting in the final tunnel lining according with the seismic design. During the Shield TBM excavation, it is assumed that the excavation pressure and the Jack thrust are applied on the shield excavation face. The Shield external pressure and segment external pressure are applied around that face. This work study, a three-dimensional Finite Element Method was prepared to simulate the static and dynamic behavior of circular tunnels, were undertaken to investigate the seismic tunnel response conditions to compare the results with the stresses, forces and bending moments acting in the final tunnel lining according with the seismic design, dynamic for different tunnels diameter and different rock types (soft, moderately and hard rock) under the same condition.

Global Civil Engineering Conference (GCEC2017)
 2017-07
Comparison in Numerical Modelling for Circle Tunnel under Static and Dynamic Loads for Different Tunnel Diameters and Different Modulus of Elasticity.

The aim of this paper is to analyse the effects of static and dynamic loads on the stability and deformation of circle tunnels reliance to Response Spectrum. Most of researchers explain that shallow tunnels suffer... See more

The aim of this paper is to analyse the effects of static and dynamic loads on the stability and deformation of circle tunnels reliance to Response Spectrum. Most of researchers explain that shallow tunnels suffer higher damage compared to deep structures. During the shield Tuunel Boring Machin (TBM), it is assumed that the excavation pressure and jack thrust are applied on the shield excavation; the shield external pressure and segment external pressure are applied around that face. There is on layer for different ground materials (soft, moderate and hard rock) under the same condition, at the same depth of tunnel under ground surface by 20 m from the external tunnel diameter. A full 3D numerical model using the finite element software MIDAS GTS NX is established, the model is run to analyse the tunnel stability and deformation in static and dynamic conditions by calculating the value of each mesh node based on 3D finite element method to investigate the comparison in different tunnel diameter and different modulus of elasticity response conditions to compare the results in the displacement, stresses, forces and bending moments acting in the tunnel lining. This work has two cases (different types of tunnel diameters and different value of ground elastic modulus). Due to the application of the static load the stress-strain state around the tunnel periphery is changed, the primary stress state is disrupted and the potential of instability increases, otherwise the result show that the applied dynamic loads is not negligible on underground structure, but it is less dangerous in comparison with the others.

Global Civil Engineering Conference (GCEC2017)
 2017-07
Numerical Modelling for Twin Horizontal Circle Tunnel under Static and Dynamic Loads.

According to recent studies and observed failures of underground structures many researchers have been addressed the design and construction of tunnel lining against static/dynamic loads and earthquake vibration to get the safety of these structures,... See more

According to recent studies and observed failures of underground structures many researchers have been addressed the design and construction of tunnel lining against static/dynamic loads and earthquake vibration to get the safety of these structures, therefore this paper includes the study of the behavior of tunnel lining due to static and dynamic loads . Inner diameter of tunnel is D m. Concrete lining of thickness 0.3 m. The depth of the tunnel center line from the ground level is 10 D below the surface of the ground, the twin tunnel centre are 3D. After tunnel model is created in the software MIDAS GTS NX, the model is run to analyze the tunnel stability and deformation in static and dynamic conditions by calculated the value of each mesh node based on 3D finite element method were undertaken to investigate the seismic tunnel response conditions to compare the results in the displacement, stresses, forces and bending moments acting on the tunnel lining. Due to the application of the static load the stress-strain state around the tunnel periphery is changed, the primary stress state is disrupted and the potential of instability increases, otherwise the result show that the applied dynamic stress is not negligible for underground structure, but it is less dangerous in comparison with the others.

13th International Conference Underground Construction Prague 2016
 2016-09
A Review of Seismic Design and Behavior of Gali-Zakho Tunnel

Gali-Zakho tunnel is located on the highway in Duhok city-Iraqi Kurdistan, this city is the border between Kurdistan-Iraq and Turkey, involves design and construction of a dual carriageway road with two individual tubes with a... See more

Gali-Zakho tunnel is located on the highway in Duhok city-Iraqi Kurdistan, this city is the border between Kurdistan-Iraq and Turkey, involves design and construction of a dual carriageway road with two individual tubes with a total length of 3.604 Km. Tectonically; Iraq was located in a relatively active seismic zone at the tectonically active northern and eastern boundaries of the Arabian Plate. Earthquakes in this seismic zone can be cause significant infrastructure damage, especially in the eastern part of North-East (NE) Iraq. The project area is located on 3rd degree earthquake zone according to the earthquake zone. The East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ) which constituted the scene of intensive earthquake activities is 260 Km northwest (NE) of the project area. Therefore, possible earthquake movements that may affect the project area in the future are determined through an earthquake risk analysis with considering the maximum moment magnitude of (M =8.5 on EAFZ).Second important tectonic element is the Bitlis-Zagros trust fault zone, for the seismic risk analysis (M = 7.5) moment magnitude is considered. Seismic risk analysis shall be considered in accordance with the relevant regulations while designing. Horizontal ground acceleration coefficient shall be taken as Ao = 0.14 g for the tunnel design and 0.07 g for the earth works. Structural analysis has been done by means of SAP 2000 and using numerical analysis technique Phase2 “Finite Element Analysis for Excavations” and the most critical results of moment, shear and axial force diagrams has been displayed as analysis results.

13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION PRAGUE 2016,
 2015-10
Alternative approaches to the calculation of face stability pressure during tunnel excavation using tunnel boring machines

One of the important tasks in mechanized tunneling using tunnel boring machines is to determine the required face pressure ensuring its stabilization. When addressing this task, it is possible to use various methods, which differ... See more

One of the important tasks in mechanized tunneling using tunnel boring machines is to determine the required face pressure ensuring its stabilization. When addressing this task, it is possible to use various methods, which differ in their mathematical essence, calculation assumptions, the degree of conservatism of results, required computing time and calculation efficiency, which is a very important factor, particularly when flexibly solving practical problems. Analytical calculations to determine the required stabilizing face pressure mainly rely on limit equilibrium methods and plasticity theory. The “lower bound theory” allows obtaining a statically acceptable solution which, however, is quite conservative. On the other hand, the “upper bound theory” allows obtaining kinematically acceptable non-conservative solution. Although numerical methods (finite element method, etc.) to determine the tunnel face pressure allow modelling this problem with more general calculation assumptions (inhomogeneous environment, etc.) as compared with the above analytical methods, the creation of the model and the actual calculation are more time consuming. The paper presents the comparison of the face pressure values obtained from analytical models of different authors, and from the numerical model, created by the authors of this paper in MIDAS GTS. The paper concludes by presenting the resulting comparative charts for various computational methods and analysing the results.

3rd Annual International Conference on Architecture and Civil Engineering (ACE 2015)
 2015-07
Enhancement of Circular Cutout in High Strength RC Deep Beam Using CFRP

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of the using of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) to enhance the high strength reinforced concrete (RC) deep beam in case of creating a circular cutout... See more

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of the using of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) to enhance the high strength reinforced concrete (RC) deep beam in case of creating a circular cutout throughout its web. A set of 5 specimens were grouped and investigated to evaluate the structural behavior in terms of shear strength capacity and deflection. The specimens were 1200mm long with rectangular cross-section of 100x500mm. Two symmetric circular cutouts of 150mm diameter were made at mid-point of each shear span. CFRP strips were installed around the cutouts in three different configurations in order to enhance the cutout zone. The results of this experimental work showed that the diagonal configuration of CFRP strips around the cutout was the best one, as the ultimate shear strength ratio with respect to control solid beam was 0.97, while it was 0.86 for control beam with cutouts. A significant positive effect was observed on the deflection for the beams that enhanced with CFRP strips. Also, CFRP sheet oriented diagonally around cutout was the most appropriate for reducing the deflection.

15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference and EXPO, SGEM 2015
 2015-06
Mathematical modeling of foundation-subsoil interaction.

The contribution presents the results of 3D-stochastic modelling of slab-subsoil interaction. The cooperation between the centric loaded concrete foundation slab (square shape, dimension 2 m x 2 m, thickness 0.1 m) has been modeled as... See more

The contribution presents the results of 3D-stochastic modelling of slab-subsoil interaction. The cooperation between the centric loaded concrete foundation slab (square shape, dimension 2 m x 2 m, thickness 0.1 m) has been modeled as a contact problem using software MIDAS GTS (based on the finite element method). To take into account the stochastic character of the soil characteristics the stochastic simulation Latin Hypercube Sampling method was used. Four input stochastic parameters of soil were considered - elastic modulus, unit weight, friction angle and cohesion. From the contact modelling viewpoint two variants were modelled – first variant neglected the interface elements on the contact, in the second one the interface elements were involved into the model. The contribution presents the 90% confidence interval for the settlement in the centre of the upper surface of the slab and for the contact stresses below the slab also. The results of experimental measurements were used to the calibration of the model.

17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2017,
 2015-06
NUMERICAL MODELLING FOR CIRCLE TUNNEL UNDER STATIC AND DYNAMIC LOADS (CASE STUDY: COMPARISON IN DIFFERENT OF ELASTIC MODULUS AND TUNNEL DIAMETERS).

Most of researchers explain that shallow tunnels suffer higher damage compared to deep structures. Many numerical analyses were carried out in order to verify and compare the stresses, forces and bending moments acting on tunnel... See more

Most of researchers explain that shallow tunnels suffer higher damage compared to deep structures. Many numerical analyses were carried out in order to verify and compare the stresses, forces and bending moments acting on tunnel lining according with the seismic design. After tunnel modelling in MIDAS GTS NX to investigate the tunnel simulation in order to highlight the effect of static and dynamic load on the behaviour of tunnel lining for different cases and calculated the value of each mesh node based on 3D finite element method to simulate the effect of earthquake on tunnel were undertaken to investigate the comparison in different tunnel diameter and different modulus of elasticity response conditions to compare the results in the displacement , maximum principle stress and minimum principle stress acting in the tunnel lining. Design response spectrum of UBC (1997) is used as seismic response spectrum. Due to the application of the static load the stress-strain state around the tunnel periphery is changed, the primary stress state is disrupted and the potential of instability increases, otherwise the result show that the applied dynamic stress is not negligible for underground structure, but it is less dangerous in comparison with the others.

Presentation

UoD, Duhok-Iraq
2020-09
Training Course: Teaching outside the classroom by E-learning

Presenting the ideal methods used in E-learning (online teaching by using Zoom) and how to deliver information to students

 2020
Department of Geotechnics and Underground Engineering, College of Engineering, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
2017-05
Numerical Analysis and Monitoring of Seismic Design and Behavior for Urban Tunnel Lining PART II

Using numerical analysis to description the behavior of seismic and its influence on urban tunnel lining

 2017
Department of Geotechnics and Underground Engineering, College of Engineering, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
2017
Numerical Analysis and Monitoring of Seismic Design and Behavior for Urban Tunnel Lining PART I

Using numerical analysis to description the behavior of seismic and its influence on urban tunnel lining

 2025

Workshop

UoD, Duhok-Iraq
2021-11
Tunnel Engineering - Design, Construction, Operations, and Safety

This workshop gives a general description of the tunnel and tunnelling techniques reviewed for possible use in the project. A summary of design, construction, cut and cover, drill and blast, bored tunnelling methods are also... See more

This workshop gives a general description of the tunnel and tunnelling techniques reviewed for possible use in the project. A summary of design, construction, cut and cover, drill and blast, bored tunnelling methods are also presented. One of the key factors in tunneling is the properties of the ground. Construction, stresses, safety, technical and economic risks, all is depending on those properties during excavation. Monitoring technologies, it is one of the basics that may help with the recognition of potential risks.

 2021
UoD, Duhok-Iraq
2021-11
Apply E-learning in the Laboratories

Using e-learning for students in the College of Engineering, Civil Department, explaining laboratory testing and how to obtain accurate data

 2021