 Polymerase Chain Reaction : ( PCR, RT-PCR, Long PCR, Multiplex PCR,RFLP  Cell culture  Microbiology Quality Control - Food & Beverage Analysis  Flow cytometry  Lab Safety Rules, Metric System Prefixes, Molarity and Solutions, Lab Biosecurity &Biosafety  Western, Southern, and Northern blotting  SDS-PAGE, Native-PAGE  2D gel analysis and quantification for proteins  Restriction Digestion and Making an Agarose Gel  Working with raw sequence data  cDNA synthesis& transformation,  DNA cloning and purification  Genetic engineering, in vitro mutagenesis,  Restriction digestion, Restriction analysis studies  Ligation of DNA fragments to the vector DNA,  ELISA  Hybrid Assay  Cell culture  Gene prediction analysis Bioinformatics programs & databanks skills:  Sequence analysis by DNASTAR lagergene software, chromas, bioedit  Sequence alignment techniques (single and multiple) and programs (BLAST,  Clustal, TreeView X 0.5.0, iCODEHOP, Molsoft).  Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences; Phylogenetic tree construction (PHYLIP, MEGA, UPGMA, etc.); Evolutionary distance calculations  Gene and protein structure analysis  Genbank, EMBL, UniProt, SWISS-PROT EXPASY  Genetic engineering & cloning software (PDRAW32, CLONEWIN, DNASTAR )  Sequence Scanner v1.0  Next-Generation Sequencing Data AnalysisPrimer Design  DESeqversion 1.9.12,  GenBank Submission(, BankIt, Sequin)and GISAID outbreak.info