2023-09

DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45725 (Issue : 45725) (Volume : 15)

Background: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) refers to abnormal changes in the squamous cells of the cervix, with more significant changes known as high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in grades II and III. Aim: The aims of the present study were to estimate the prevalence of cervical neoplasia and explore potential risk factors for HSIL among women living in the Kurdistan region. Materials and Methods: The study included 1300 women who underwent Papanicolaou (PAP) smears for the conclusion of cervical infection and who attended several parts and hospitals in the Kurdistan region. As this is a multi-center study for the determination of pap smears and the relationship between cervical cancer and those women, only 120 of those 1300 women suffer from cervical and vaginal problems. The study was done from January 2021 to the end of December 2021. A Pap smear, also known as a Pap test, is a routine screening procedure used to detect abnormal cervical cells that may indicate the presence of cervical cancer or precancerous conditions. The procedure involves collecting a sample of cells from the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that extends into the vagina.

2023-07

Korean Journal of Physiology and pharmacology (Issue : 2) (Volume : 27)

Background: Incidence and mortality rates for cervical cancer have dropped primarily as a result of pap smear-based screening programs. Screening and treatment recommendations for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) have changed as more outcome data have become available.

2022-12

Journal of Researchin Medical and Dental Science (Issue : 11) (Volume : 10)

ABSTRACT Background: Neural tube defects are a common congenital disorder. The complex etiology of Neural tube defects involve both genetic and environmental factors, thus investigating gene-environment interactions is critical to understanding how it occur or how it may be prevented. Published literatures also have indicated that viral illness during early pregnancy and several antiviral drugs are associated with an increased risk for neurodevelopmental congenital anomalies of new-born. Aim of the study: To evaluate the prevalence of Neural tube defects among pregnant women suffered from COVID 19 infection Patients and methods: This study is a case control study had done in Zakho Maternity Hospital. The data collected during the period of 1st Ja. 2020-1st Ja 2022, the total 90 cases that reported in the obstetrics and gynecology department with neural tube defects was enrolled in the study, and compared with control group of 90 pregnancies without Neural tube defects. The information collected through direct interview with the mothers through questionnaire includes the information about the socio-demographic, obstetrical history and history of COVID 19 infection, severity, presence of fever, trimester of infection. The laboratory investigations of hemoglobin and PCR to confirm COVID 19 infection was done. Results: COVID infection during pregnancy was significantly higher among those with Neural tube defects 68 (75.6%), in comparison to 30 (33.3%) of those without NTD. Anemia was significantly higher among those with Neural tube defects 69 (67.7%) in comparison to 15 (16.7%). Fever in 1st trimester was significantly higher among those with NTD 70 (77.8%) in comparison to 28 (31.1%). Alcohol intake was significantly lower among those with NTD 2(2.2%) in comparison to 10(11.1%). Polyhydramnios was significantly higher among those with NTD 72 (80%) in comparison to 11(12.2%). Conclusions: COVID infection during pregnancy was significantly higher among those with neural tube defects and this alarming. Key words: Risk factors, Neural tube defect, COVID, Zakho

2022-09

World Famil Medicine Journal (Issue : 9) (Volume : 20)

Introduction: Documented articles have determined that viral illness during early pregnancy and several antiviral drugs are associated with an increased risk for neurodevelopmental congenital anomalies of the newborn. These include NTDs, the most common and severe malformations of spinal cord (spina bifida) or brain (anencephaly, encephalocele, hydrocephalus), which develop within 6 weeks of pregnancy with an incidence of one in 1000 neonates worldwide and they cause lifelong neurological complications. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics of simultaneous cases of COVID 19 in pregnant women with neural tube defects in their newborns. Patient and methods: This is descriptive study case series including cases of Neural Tube Defects when their mothers were affected with COVID-19 infection that was reported in Zahko Maternity hospital. Those in the labour unit were enrolled in this study and the cases was collected during the period 1st January 2020 and 1st January 2022. The information collected through direct interview with the mothers through questionnaire includes the information about the socio-demographic, obstetrical history and history of COVID 19 infection, severity presence of fever and type of medication received.

2022-08

PLoS ONE 17(8): e0273362. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273362 (Issue : 0273362) (Volume : 17)

Background Despite vaccine and antiviral treatment availability, hepatitis B virus (HBV) continues to circulate among pregnant women in Iraq. HBV spread is due to many factors. This study evaluated HBV prevalence among pregnant women and Syrian refugees residing in Zakho city, Iraq, and identified risk factors associated with infection. Materials and methods Demographic data were collected from 2,054 pregnant women via a questionnaire assessing risk factors associated with HBV infection. Blood samples were collected for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and were screened using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

2022-05

Pakistan Journal of Medical &Health sciences (Volume : 7)

many studies reported the association between NTDs and maternal fever, , infection like toxoplasma, rubella and cytomegalovirus, this study aimed to give the trend of the NTDs in Zakho and find if it was related to new epidemic of COVID19. Patient and method: This is study have two lines 1 st studying the trend of the prevalence of NTDs depending on the health directorate statistics from Jan. 2013 to December 2021. The 2 nd is a case series of 18 case of NTDs with COVID19 infection that reported in Zakho Maternity hospital labour unit.