2024-08

Science Journal of University of Zakho (Issue : 3) (Volume : 12)

For the simultaneous determination of anti-hypertensive drugs Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in bulk and tablet dosage forms, a simple, specific, accurate, and precise stability-indicating UV-Vis Nanodrop 2000c method was developed and validated. The maximum absorption of Hydrochlorothiazide was revealed at 271 nm using methanol as a solvent. The validation results showed good linearity (R2 = 0.9997) within the concentration range of 10-50µg/mL. The RSD revealed an acceptable value (less than 0.6 percent) in the precision study at three levels. 1.01 and 3.3g µg/mL were found to represent the LOD and LOQ, respectively. Locally and commercial tablets are Available Drug Products. Accuracy at three levels showed good recovery, more than 99% percent. The proposed method was used to analyse the stability of local and commercial tablets. The stability of their pharmaceuticals was investigated under acidic, oxidative, thermal, alkaline, and photolytic conditions in this research. In accordance with the guidelines set by the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH), the method was effectively validated. Subsequently, the validated method was employed to analyze commercially available pharmaceutical dosage forms

2023-11

Clinical Nutrition Open Science (Issue : 52) (Volume : 52)

Summary Background There are many undiagnosed cases of pre-diabetes and diabetes worldwide. Having a variety of biomarkers for screening and diagnosing diabetes mellitus has a significant positive impact. Objectives To investigate whether mineral elements, their ratios, testosterone and ferritin can detect pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods In this study, 120 volunteers were included. The volunteers were divided into three groups (control, pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus). For all volunteers, HbA1c (measured by automated analyses), serum zinc (Zn), serum copper (Cu) (measured by colorimetric method), ferritin, testosterone and serum iron (Fe) (measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay) were measured. Results The ratio of Zinc/Iron in both pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus is significantly different from those of control group (P-value <0.05). In addition, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the ratio Zn/Fe can accurately detect pre-diabetes and diabetes (Area under the curve (AUC)= 1 for male pre-diabetic group, 0.8 for female pre-diabetic group, 0.85 for male diabetic and 0.88 for female diabetic group). The level of serum Cu increases in both pre-diabetes and diabetic group. But the elevation is significant only for pre-diabetic group. Conclusion Zn/Fe can be used as a biomarker for screening and diagnosing pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus.

2022-10

Science Journal of University of Zakho (Issue : 4) (Volume : 10)

Background: Subclinical hyperthyroidism is a condition in which thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is mildly decreased with both free iodine thyroxine (free T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) within the normal range. The aim of this research is to determine the association between TSH with lipid profiles, age, blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) and also to evaluate lipid profiles in subclinical hyperthyroid patients. Materials and Methods: Ninety patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism were chosen as the patient group and 50 healthy individuals age-matched were chosen as the control group. Thyroid function tests TSH, T4 and T3 were performed by VIDAS and on the same day lipid profiles were performed by (Biolis 24i Premium) in the laboratory of General Zakho Hospital, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Results: In subclinical hyperthyroidism the BMI and diastolic blood pressure values were non-significantly low (P=0.13 and p=0.27 respectively) whereas systolic blood pressure increased slightly but was still non-significant. TSH was significantly and negatively related to systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Lipid profiles and systolic and diastolic blood pressure are not altered in subclinical hyperthyroidism. However, systolic blood pressure is related to the severity of the decrease in TSH levels.

2022-09

Baghdad Journal of Biochemistry and Applied Biological Sciences (Issue : 3) (Volume : 3)

Background and objectives: Subclinical thyroid disorder is a most common subclinical disease among many medical conditions such as cardiovascular disease and subclinical Lyme disease. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between lipid profile results, lipid ratios, and anthropometric parameters and thyroid hormones. Methods: One hundred patients (ages 20 to 50 years) with subclinical hypothyroidism (SHT group) and 50 healthy subjects (control group), who are age-matched with patients, were included in the current study. Thyroid function tests (TSH, T 3 and T 4) were determined by immunodiagnostic assay system (VIDAS) for all participants. The serum glucose and lipid profile tests parameters were evaluated by Biolis 24i Premium chemistry analyser. In addition, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured for each individual in the study using mercury sphygmomanometer. Results: The levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) were significantly lower in the SHT group when compared with control group. Whereas, the level of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), the ratios total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-c and LDL-c/HDL-c were significantly higher in SHT group than in controls. Moreover, TSH was negatively correlated with diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions: Both LDL-c and HDL-c are altered in subclinical hypothyroidism patients. And, there is a negative association between TSH and diastolic blood pressure.

2021-07

Trace Elements and Electrolytes (Issue : 4) (Volume : 38)

Abstract. Introduction: Reactive oxygen species are considered to be important intracellular signaling molecules. However, these molecules, together with obesity, are risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. This research attempts to explore the links among oxidative stress, trace elements, and obesity. Materials and methods: 160 male individuals were involved in this study. Six oxidative stress parameters were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits; glutathione, catalase, 8-isoprostaglandin, malondialdehyde, vitamin C, and vitamin E. Trace elements were determined via flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: Significant differences in the levels of (calcium (p = 0.0097), magnesium (p = 0.0005), copper (p = 0.0015), zinc (p = 0.0187), glutathione (p = 0.0276), catalase (p = 0.0329), 8-iso-prostaglandin (p = 0.0330), malondialdehyde (p = 0.0127), and vitamin C (p = 0.0263)) among healthy, overweight, and obese groups. Furthermore, significant positive correlations were found between calcium, magnesium, and iron with most oxidative stress parameters. Conclusion: Oxidative stress is increased in obesity, and elevation in the levels of some trace elements increases oxidative stress. In addition, calcium, magnesium, and zinc are significantly decreased in populations with obesity, whereas serum copper was significantly increased in the obese group.

2021-03

Trace Elements and Electrolytes (Issue : 3) (Volume : 37)

The number of obese people is increasing at a frightening rate around the globe. Metals play crucial roles in virtually all body functions, in particular in lipid metabolism. In this study, we investigate the association between calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc, and manganese and body mass index (BMI) and age. In this study, 160 male individuals were enrolled. The subjects were divided into three groups based on body mass index (healthy BMI = 18.5 – 24.9, overweight BMI = 25 – 29.9, and obese ≥ 30 BMI. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups based on age: 18 – 39 years and 40 – 60 years. The elements were measured using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The level of serum magnesium and zinc were significantly lower in the obese group (p = 0.0002, 0.0189, respectively), whereas serum copper was significantly higher in the obese group (p = 0.0019). The age factor had a significant effect on the data of serum iron and magnesium (p = 0.0019, 0.0006, respectively). There are significant associations between BMI and the elements; magnesium, zinc, and copper. In addition, age affects the levels of serum iron and magnesium.

2016-10

Indian Journal Of Natural Sciences (Issue : 38) (Volume : 7)

Trace elements are known to play vital roles in both metabolism and growth of living cells. The aims of this study are to investigate the levels of some trace elements (cupper, iron, nickel and zinc) in diabetic patients and studying the correlation between them. 50 healthy volunteers and 200 diabetic subjects were included in the study. Trace elements were measured via flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (Perkin Elmer). In addition, fasting blood sugar, serum urea and serum creatinine were measured via glucose oxidase, urease method and Jaffe method respectively. Except serum cupper, all the three other trace elements were significantly lower in diabetic groups. Age and gender did not have any relationships with the levels of trace elements. All the trace elements did not correlate with each other apart from cupper with both iron and nickel. These results do not confirm that low levels of trace elements causes diabetes mellitus. Further studies are needed to show the relationships.

2016-06

Journal of University of Zakho (Issue : 2) (Volume : 4)

Trace elements play significant roles in the metabolism of insulin. The aim of this study is to investigate the level of serum zinc, magnesium and calcium in type 2 diabetes mellitus and relate them with the functionality of kidneys. 200 diabetic individuals and 50 healthy controls were enrolled. For each individual, blood sugar, serum urea and serum creatinine were determined. In addition, serum zinc, magnesium and calcium were determined for each individual via flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Significant differences were found in the level of serum zinc and magnesium between diabetic and healthy control groups. However, there was not any difference in the level of serum calcium between the two groups. It is not certain whether the low level of serum zinc and magnesium cause diabetes or they are the consequence of development of diabetes. The level of serum trace elements did not correlate with the functions of kidneys.

2016-06

Indian Journal Of Natural Sciences (Issue : 36) (Volume : 6)

The present study aims to measure the electrolyte and some liver parameters in chronic renal failure patients infected with HCV and non-HCV infected. This study comprised 75 patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis, (15) of them tested positive for HCV by ELISA test. Patients were divided into two groups (HCV-positive and HCV-negative).The data of the current study was expressed as (Mean ± S.E.M) and the SPSS using samples T-test for comparing between pre and post hemodialysis for both HCV-positive and HCV-negative patients. P value(P<0.05)level was considered to be statistically significant.The results showed a significant increase in serum potassium, ALT and AST and nonsignificant increase in sodium in HCV-positive patients as compared to HCV-negative patients in prehemodialysis and post hemodialysis patients. Furthermore, non-significant decrease in calcium in HCVpositive patients as compared to HCV-negative patients in pre-hemodialysis and post hemodialysis patients. Hepatitis C virus affected on serum transaminase activity (ALT and AST) in chronic renal failure patients on hemodialysis. Chronic renal failure patients infected with HCV on hemodialysis have higher level potassium as compared to non-infected HCV patients.