2023-03

Journal of Molecular Structure (Issue : 135300) (Volume : 1284)

Prunus species are known as model species for the family Rosaceae and other woody plants with their small genome size and relatively small life cycle as woody plants. Also Prunus species are economically important plants in the subfamily Amygdaloideae of the Rosaceae have a controversial taxonomic history due to the lack of a phylogenetic framework. Therefore, mapping, classification, determination the genetic structure and characterization of genes as a spesific chemical and fuctional units of nucleic acids and making phylogenetic analysis in these species have important implications. The aim of this study to find any gene markers as a bioorganic – chemical structure profiling to determine genetic diversity of different Prunus species from Iraq by using nuclear and chloroplast DNA markers to evaluate the phylogeny of Prunus. A total of 12 species Prunus subgenus amygdalus were collected from Iraq. Ten gene region markers on both nuclear DNA and chloroplast DNA have been tested to evaluate the genetic variation at their molecular levels by using multiplex PCR with 10 gene region primers and sequence analysis for matK. The name of the gene regions using in this study are ITS (ITS1+ITS2+5.8S coding region), rbcL, matK, rpl16, trnL-trnF, atpB-rbcL, rp136-infA-rps8, trnK-rps16, pbsM-trnD, psbA-trnH. As a result, five different phylogenetic trees were obtained from the gene sequences of the samples and the base sequences were close to each other. The estimated value of the shape parameter for the discrete Gamma Distribution is 0.05. The nucleotide frequencies are A = 29.41%, T/U = 37.37%, C = 17.52%, and G = 15.67%. The nucleotide diversity of the sequence was low with the 0.004113 value. There were 14 different informative base site between the samples. The polymorphism observed was less in agreement with higher level of conservation of the gene regions. The Prunus species from Iraq region were grouped on two closed clusters on the phylogenetic trees.

2020-03

Bakistan Journal of Botany (Issue : 30848) (Volume : 36)

Prunus longispinosa S.E. Shahbaz and S.S, Abdulrahman (Rosaceae), a new species from Kurdistan-Iraq, is described and illustrated. It differs from all Iraqi taxa of the subgenus Amygdalus by the dark reddish color of their one-year-old twigs and the very whitish thorny branches. The new species is closely related to P. spinosissima but can be easily separated by its green drupes vs. reddish drupes from one side and green from the other. The new species also shows close resemblance to Prunus lycioides but the later differs from it in having one reddish side and pale green side of their one-year-old twigs and glabrous drupes vs. dark reddish color of their one-year-old twigs and pubescent drupes for the new species.

2019-11

Fresenius Environmental Bulletin (Issue : 65) (Volume : 28)

The polleniferous material of Prunus subg amygdalus taxa growing in Kurdistan-Iraq was collected. Samples were tested using scanning electron and light microscope. Taxa are symmetric, isopolar, monad, colporate, and trizonocolpate. The main exine sculpture is striate with or without micro-perforations. Tetracolporates are present in P. dulcis, P. persica, and P. carduchorum var. glabra, absent from all other taxa. Among pollen grain characters, shape is very useful for separating taxa at the specific level. Pollen grains of all taxa are of small rank but on average pollens of P. argental var. argentea are the smallest, and of P. argentea var. elaeagnifolia are the largest of all. Principal component analysis and discriminant analysis can recogniz77.976% and 70.98% of the total variability respectively, thus can help prediction of taxa. KEYWORDS: Prunus subg amygdalus, Prunus longispenosa, Prunus argentea var. argentea, olporate, P. argentea var. elaeagnifolia, pollen morphology

2015-04

Nordic journal of botany (Issue : 1) (Volume : 56)

Rhus coriaria var. zebaria from Duhok/Aqrae, Kurdistan, Iraq is described as a variety new to science. Field expeditions started in spring 2011, continued during 2012 and 2013 with the aim of collecting sumac specimens from different physiographic regions of Kurdistan, Iraq. A total of ten plants for each variety were sampled. An equal number of tagged herbarium specimens were prepared. The holotype was designated and deposited together with other herbarium specimens in the herbarium of the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Univ. of Duhok. Morphological characters of the leaf, inflorescence, flowers, infructescence, and fruit were studied. The pH value of the pericarp in addition to the hilum length was measured. Results were compared with Rhus coriaria L. var. coriaria. The most distinctive feature of the new variety is the dull whitish brown color of the drupe pericarp of var. zebaria as compared to the reddish brown color of the drupe pericarp of var. coriaria. The whitish color of the drupes of var. zebaria, in combination with their larger size, represents diagnostic characters for distinguishing this variety. In contrast, most leaf characters are of little or no taxonomic value in this species. Only shape, apex and marginal teeths of the leaflets show minor differences for separating the two varieties. Female and male inflorescences and flowers characters show no significant differences. Both hilum length and pH value characters may be useful for

2015-02

Science Journal of University of Zakho (Issue : 10.25271) (Volume : 3)

Anatomical features of the leaves of Quercus L. species are presented in this study for the first time. Leaves are bifacial and the palisade parenchyma of Q. aegilops and Q. libani is stratified into two layers, of nearly equal width, while that of Q. infectoria and Q.macranthera composed of only one layer. The cortex of both midrib and petiole is well developed with collenchyma starting just beneath the epidermis. The collenchyma of Q. aegilops is extremly thick compared with that of other species. Vascular bundles of the midrib and petiole are completely enclosed by the two pericycle layers of fibers and sclerenchyma. While the number of vascular bundles and sclerenchyma groups cupping them is 3 and 2 for midribs of Q. aegilops and Q. libani respectively, the number turns into 2 vascular elements of different appearance in their petioles. Petiole secondary vascular bundles are well developed and their sclerenchyma groups more lignified in Q. infectoria but less developed and reduced in Q. macranthera. From the results, it is concluded that the leaf blade and petiole anatomical features can provide diagnostic characters for distinguishing Quercus species of Iraq. Results also strongly support placing Q. aegilops and Q. libani in the section Cerris but Q. infectoria is more reliable in the section Mesobalanus.