2023-02

Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (Issue : 1) (Volume : 11)

In this work, the plasma glow discharge characteristics of nitrogen gas will be studied and analyzed at different pressures, and we will study the effect of these pressures on the I-V curve, the Panchen curve, the I-P curve, the current-voltage curve, and their effect on the electrical conductivity of the generated plasma. The distance between the glow electrodes was (15.5) cm. The pressures that were used in this work were (0.025, 0.05, 1.5, 5) T. The results indicated that the discharge was operating in the atypical glow region. On the other hand, the discharge current decreased as the gas pressure increased. On the other hand. Also, the conductivity decreased in its values with the increase in applied pressure as well as the voltage of the plasma focus.

2018-03

journal Zakho University (Issue : 1) (Volume : 6)

Hollow anode argon glow discharge plasma has been investigated experimentally at different argon gas pressure from constant discharge current. A sufficient high voltage has been applied among the electrodes to obtain breakdown. Firstly, we studied the influence of hollow anode diameter on the breakdown voltage and Paschens law. The inner diameters of hollow anodes used in our work were (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40) mm. Secondly under the same conditions we extended our study to measure some plasma parameters in the negative glow region using direct current argon glow discharge. The temperature and density of electrons in the negative glow were measured using double probes. From the (Ip-Vp) characteristics of double probes, we obtained plasma parameters by using computer MATLAB program. The results showed that the measured Pashence's curve closes to the well-known theoretical Pashence's law. The breakdown voltage and its minimum value decreased with increasing the hollow anode diameter. The Paschen’s curve became wide and shifted to lower pressure with increasing the diameter. The reduction area of hollow anode caused dens and luminous intensity of plasma to occur in the negative glow region. Increasing the diameter resulted in decreasing the temperature and density of electron

2016-01

journal of modern physics (Issue : 1) (Volume : 7)

the present study reports the results of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment for renal and ureteral stones in duhok city. the data were collected from the center of breakdown kidney stones in duhok hospital. there were a total of 40 patients (25 males and 15 females) aged from 20 to60 years old. the patients harboring (23 renal and 17 ureteral) stones of size ranged from ....

2014-03

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research (Issue : 3) (Volume : 5)

We want to review the Paradoxes in quantum mechanics and show that despite the large number of interpretations and ideas in Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Three variant Loic (QTL) solves the quantum well-known paradoxes.

2011-12

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research (Issue : 3) (Volume : 5)

This paper presents a new system for measuring water conductivity as a function of electrophysical property (admittance). The system is cheap and its manufacturing is easy. In addition, it does not require any sort of electrolysis and calibration. The system consists of four electrodes made of silver (Ag 92.5 g to Cu 7.5 g) fixed in a plastic tube filled by water which allows the use of two and four electrode setups. The admittance (reciprocal of impedance) was measured for different water sources (distilled, rainfall, mineral, river and tap water) using different frequencies between 50 Hz and 100 kHz. These measurements were taken twice, first with four electrodes and then with two electrodes of two modes (inner and outer electrodes). The results showed good correlation between the measured admittance and the conductivity of all the water sources and the best correlation was found at low frequencies between 50 Hz and 20 kHz. The highest efficiency can be achieved by using the four electrode system which allows circumventing the effect of the electrode impedance. This result makes the system efficient compared to traditional conductivity meters which usually require high frequencies for good operation.