This study examines how the public perceives political campaign materials during elections, focusing on how they are seen, how they affect neighborhoods' aesthetics, how they affect people's emotions and conduct, and what the public desires as a remedy. A significant portion of respondents frequently encounter posters, banners, and other materials in their areas, indicating that political advertising is widely visible, according to the data collected from survey responses and several pie charts. However, the vast majority of participants voice their displeasure with this visibility, claiming that the materials are overly prevalent and diminish the aesthetic value of public spaces. A substantial portion of respondents also alter their daily schedules to steer clear of areas that are swamped with political advertisements, expressing anxiety and annoyance at the visual overload. This research also highlights public concerns about the environmental impact of election results materials, specifically improper disposal and waste generation. A significant majority supports tougher rules and prefers transferring political advertising to digital platforms to reduce visual pollution. Despite concerns about how traditional campaigns affect the environment, public support for candidates who care about the environment is still low. According to the findings, a more effective post-election cleanup, improved regulation of political advertising, and a move toward digital campaign tactics are all necessary to reduce the negative consequences of visual mess and environmental deterioration

Urban underground road tunnels are featured with high frequent traffic congestion and thus a suitable ventilation system should be designed to supply fresh air for diluting vehicle pollutants. This study employed the computational fluid dynamic technique to simulate the dispersion of carbon monoxide (CO) and evaluate the efficiency of ventilation systems inside an urban roadway tunnel. The tunnel was designed with a length of 10 m and two floors with three vehicles per row. Three-dimensional carbon monoxide dispersion was modeled based on the geometry of the tunnel, vehicles’ speed, ventilation systems, and fuel type for the scenarios of vehicle movement, vehicles stopping, and fans off/on. The simulated results showed that the maximum CO concentration at the top and bottom floors in the state of vehicle movement and reasonable ventilation system were 47.13ppm and 42.47ppm respectively, which do not exceed the 8-hour standard level. However, the simulation indicated that CO concentration exceeded the standard level in the scenarios of fans-off and vehicle stop. Thus, ventilation fans should be added to supply fresh air and minimize pollutant concentration. The results of this study can provide beneficial suggestions for ventilation system design and pollutants simulation for urban road tunnels.

Urban underground road tunnels are featured with high frequent traffic congestion and thus a suitable ventilation system should be designed to supply fresh air for diluting vehicle pollutants. This study employed the computational fluid dynamic technique to simulate the dispersion of carbon monoxide (CO) and evaluate the efficiency of ventilation systems inside an urban roadway tunnel. The tunnel was designed with a length of 10 m and two floors with three vehicles per row. Three-dimensional carbon monoxide dispersion was modeled based on the geometry of the tunnel, vehicles’ speed, ventilation systems, and fuel type for the scenarios of vehicle movement, vehicles stopping, and fans off/on. The simulated results showed that the maximum CO concentration at the top and bottom floors in the state of vehicle movement and reasonable ventilation system were 47.13ppm and 42.47ppm respectively, which do not exceed the 8-hour standard level. However, the simulation indicated that CO concentration exceeded the standard level in the scenarios of fans-off and vehicle stop. Thus, ventilation fans should be added to supply fresh air and minimize pollutant concentration. The results of this study can provide beneficial suggestions for ventilation system design and pollutants simulation for urban road tunnels.

Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) represents an exceptionally durable construction material distinguished by its notable strength, ductility, and durability. Previous investigations have demonstrated a limited exploration of UHPC containing basalt fiber and waste glass as a substitute for cement. Current study concentrates on assessing the impact of incorporating waste glass powder (WGP) in lieu of cement, on the workability, mechanical properties, and microstructural attributes of this composite. The substitution involved three distinct proportions of waste pozzolanic glass powder: 10%, 20%, and 30%, measured by weight. A substantial number of test specimens, exceeding one hundred, was accurately prepared to inspect the engineering characteristics of five varied UHPC formulations. Experimental outcomes underline that the optimum UHPC compressive strength was recorded at the 28-day when employing a 0.75% basalt fiber content and replacing 20% of cement with waste glass. This investigation establishes the distinctive contribution of WGP pozzolanic constituents in enhancing the microstructure of UHPC.

A construction company's choice to enter foreign markets must be supported by a thorough grasp of the advantages and disadvantages of doing business internationally as well as the development of company strengths with regard to such endeavors. In current economic conditions, the development of international activity acquires great importance for agro-industrial enterprises, along with the production process. Foreign investment in such conditions can ensure the stability of development process. Problems of improvement and efficiency of international activity of enterprises are reflected in the scientific works of many economists. International of investment and conditions of their attracting were the subject of research. Despite the results achieved, a number of theoretical and methodological problems associated, in particular, with the development of international activity of the enterprises on the basis of foreign investment require further research. The growth of international activity, along with the production process, becomes very important for agro-industrial firms in the current economic climate. In these circumstances, foreign investment can guarantee the stability of the development process. The scientific writings of numerous economist’s address issues with improving and maximizing the effectiveness of businesses' international operations. These scientists conducted research on the topic of international investment and the factors that attract it. Despite the successes, additional study is necessary to address a number of theoretical and methodological issues, particularly those related to the expansion of international business operations of firms supported by foreign investment.

An innovative leader in cutting-edge sustainable concrete technology is ultra-high-performance glass concrete (UHPGC). Through the utilization of post-consumer glass, UHPGC technology can improve the environment. Due to the fact that these materials are neither biodegradable nor ecologically benign, any economic benefit from a reduction in the amount of waste dumped in landfills is undesirable. This endeavor reviews the previous research on the behavior of UltraHigh-Performance Concrete (UHPC) incorporating waste glass powder as an eco-friendly cementitious material. A summarization was performed as well for previous works which used milled waste glass to replace cement, Quartz Powder (QP), Silica Fume (SF) and Sand or Quartz Sand (QS) in UHPC mixtures. Thus, various applications of Waste Glass Powder (WGP) in UHPC and its fresh and hardened characteristics were examined. The paper also pursues updating the database for more experimental and numerical work on UHPC incorporating waste glass from different sources.

In this study, within the scope of these strategic alliances, mergers and acquisitions were explored. Businesses can benefit from a variety of factors, including the ability to easily enter new markets through mergers and acquisitions, an increase in their technological prowess, a reduction in costs as a result of economies of scale, an improvement in the quality of their products and services, more talented managers, and the ability to provide their customers with a wider variety of product/service options. Furthermore, it has been noted that innovation activities can boost a company's export performance and give it more competitive power. The subject of how it affects firm performance, export performance, and competitiveness is currently being addressed in relation to the innovation performance of the businesses that have completed merger and/or purchase transactions. The impact of a firm's innovative performance in this regard. It might be argued that these consequences are advantageous for academic research as well as practitioners working in the field. As opposed to that, mergers and acquisitions might lead to managerial issues. Mergers frequently fail and do not produce the desired effects, according to research. Cultural differences and problems with cultural assimilation have been explored as the most significant of these issues.

The development in globalization helped several states to consider China as a very highly improved country in its expertise, substructure, industrial and production of belongings and facilities. Despite these signs of progress, there is still an area for investigating the undertaking of an irregular spreading of revenue which has produced party-political and socio-economic problems in the state. The aim of the specified research of determining the character of human resources organization aptitude in carrying growth in initiative competencies to stand in the market. This study concentrated on the qualitative analysis of researches concentrated on strategic and humanoid resource management. An investigation review discovery that these human-correlated managers are a vital obligation in shaping company competencies. Though, as the company saves rising, the performance and progress of workers want to save up the covering global market. Writing some guidance, training, and exercise might be one of the good savings in emerging the competencies. Client allegiance is a powerful issue in company performance.

The Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) is a benefit for increasing and pre-stress concrete beams by adding FRP. The purpose of the study is to recognize the constraints impacting the shear capability added by FRP، and assess the precise analyzing method. The experimental data displayed in the past illustrated that the obtainable systematic models used to predict the FRP capacity were in struggling to determine the incorporated plan. As a result, it may forecast exactly the shear involvement of outwardly practical FRP. Specific research figured out the comparison of experimenting data between the ACI 440.2R-08 method, and Triantafillou and Antonopoulos aiming to gain the satisfying assessment of FRP shear capability. The paper added visions into possible cases to unacceptable approximation.

The safety management system is recognized by safety leading and lagging indicators, and their correlation with injury rates. The background on this specific subject is vague in definition, labelling, and indicators measurement. The comparativeness between leading and lagging indicators have been introduced in the constructing safety performance projects evaluation. Safety performance leading indicators are the metrics of the safety method in constructing work. While the lagging indicators associated with safety results. Many suggestions have been considered during the usage and selection of the effective leading indicators. Also, the research results outlined that the leading indicators can be used to discriminate the variances in the safety performance of projects. In this specified research, leading and lagging indicators have been reviewed and investigated. Eighteen papers have been investigated from the period of 2010 to 2019 in order to recognize the common leading and lagging indicators. In addition, this review will recognize the gaps in leading and lagging research in order to concentrate on extra studies in that field. Four papers mentioned the correlation between lagging and leading indicators. A scoping review is focusing on the points and the significant ideas associated with the research area in accordance with the history time.

In order to reduce the associated risk of Public-Private Partnership (PPP)s, is absolutely essential to use the management control in facing the difficulty of transferring the risk to the private partner. There are many reasons in the developed countries which limit the capability of transferring the risks from the public to private sectors. Concentrating on a power of PPP plan in a progressing country. The research investigates that the management control being prepared by the public partner in order to deduct the risk that results from private partner’s work. The research discovers that many different control types from various degrees of un-similar phases of PPP have been used by the public partner to reduce the risk and gain the value of money. Also, it outcomes that despite impacting the contingent factors specified in the transaction cost economic theory, control differences and the recognized environment also impact the degree that every kind of management control can be used through various stages of a PPP.

The safety management system is recognized by safety leading and lagging indicators, and their correlation with injury rates. The background on this specific subject is vague in definition, labelling, and indicators measurement. The comparativeness between leading and lagging indicators have been introduced in the constructing safety performance projects evaluation. Safety performance leading indicators are the metrics of the safety method in constructing work. While the lagging indicators associated with safety results. Many suggestions have been considered during the usage and selection of the effective leading indicators. Also, the research results outlined that the leading indicators can be used to discriminate the variances in the safety performance of projects. In this specified research, leading and lagging indicators have been reviewed and investigated. Eighteen papers have been investigated from the period of 2010 to 2019 in order to recognize the common leading and lagging indicators. In addition, this review will recognize the gaps in leading and lagging research in order to concentrate on extra studies in that field. Four papers mentioned the correlation between lagging and leading indicators. A scoping review is focusing on the points and the significant ideas associated with the research area in accordance with the history time.

In order to reduce the associated risk of Public-Private Partnership (PPP)s, is absolutely essential to use the management control in facing the difficulty of transferring the risk to the private partner. There are many reasons in the developed countries which limit the capability of transferring the risks from the public to private sectors. Concentrating on a power of PPP plan in a progressing country. The research investigates that the management control being prepared by the public partner in order to deduct the risk that results from private partner’s work. The research discovers that many different control types from various degrees of un-similar phases of PPP have been used by the public partner to reduce the risk and gain the value of money. Also, it outcomes that despite impacting the contingent factors specified in the transaction cost economic theory, control differences and the recognized environment also impact the degree that every kind of management control can be used through various stages of a PPP.

Technology assessment has reformed in nature over the last four decades from an analytical tool for technology evaluation, which relies extensively on quantitative and qualitative modelling methods to strategic plan tool for policy creation regarding satisfactory new technologies, that based on participative policy problematic investigation. The aim of assessing technology today is to make policy choices for solutions to organizational and social problems. which, at the workable level, use innovative technologies which considered publicly acceptable, that is, practical policy decisions. This paper concentrates on the progressing of a framework that joins a technology valuation method, namely, system dynamics, inside the larger opportunity of technology growth for sustainability. The framework, called system method to technology sustainability assessment (SATSA), joining three main fundamentals: technology progress, sustainable progress, and dynamic systems method. The article after that determines the framework of integrating the system dynamics procedure in energy technology assessment philosophy and exercise inside the framework of sustainable growth. The framework offers for technology sustainability assessment, which can direct the upgrade of sustainable energy technologies at a policy class. Additionally, it can support the technology inventors to understand the possible effects of technology, therefore allowing them to decrease technology transmission hazards.

Technology assessment has reformed in nature over the last four decades from an analytical tool for technology evaluation, which relies extensively on quantitative and qualitative modelling methods to strategic plan tool for policy creation regarding satisfactory new technologies, that based on participative policy problematic investigation. The aim of assessing technology today is to make policy choices for solutions to organizational and social problems. which, at the workable level, use innovative technologies which considered publicly acceptable, that is, practical policy decisions. This paper concentrates on the progressing of a framework that joins a technology valuation method, namely, system dynamics, inside the larger opportunity of technology growth for sustainability. The framework, called system method to technology sustainability assessment (SATSA), joining three main fundamentals: technology progress, sustainable progress, and dynamic systems method. The article after that determines the framework of integrating the system dynamics procedure in energy technology assessment philosophy and exercise inside the framework of sustainable growth. The framework offers for technology sustainability assessment, which can direct the upgrade of sustainable energy technologies at a policy class. Additionally, it can support the technology inventors to understand the possible effects of technology, therefore allowing them to decrease technology transmission hazards

This study has developed a Public Private Partnership (PPP) framework in order to analyze a Management Control System (MSC). This is being specified relying on the basis of Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) and organizational theory. Moreover, in this research, an approach is proposed that could theoretically be resulted in the reduction of relational and performance risks by joining the three control standards called the marketplace, administrative and clan, and combining them with control strategies, called Performance Evaluation Strategy (PES) and Trust-Based Strategy (TBS). The framework aspiration is to achieve the Value for Money (VFM). Finally, specialists might use the identified links of this study in order to improve the MCS of PPPs.

To arrange unexpected actions which include big impression; the companies provide a risk management system in the work process following by risk assessments. A purpose is to have more consciousness, better get ready for negative events. Also, if possible keep away from certain bad events and get ready to avoid probable hazards. Subconsciously, the way in managing the risk is probably different relying on which country in the world you settled down. In this study, the data was taken from Uzun construction and Real Estate Company. This project started by visiting the company head office located in Salamis Street, Famagusta, Northern Cyprus to get as possible information about safety standards and regulations followed in the company. The projects’ visit occurred to list and identifies the site hazards. Later by going through the checklists and each subsection of the work individually under construction building sponsored by Uzun Company. The next point of risk assessment is to recognize the persons mostly exposed to hazards. The setting up of checklists is to recognize the essential role of the employees in this part. Finally, to ensure which hazard type is more harmful in order to raise the flag for further actions and take necessary precautions, our research started to record the findings and implement the records by starting the analysis of these results in order to clarify the cause and effect of each hazard.

Construction industry consists of many parts which result in a complexity in its nature. In Kurdistan Region (KR) of Iraq, construction projects have a lot of drawbacks in measuring their time of the product, cost, and safety of the work. The research below is to recognize and estimate the issues impacting the product performance in KR. The results that we got from the previous studies participated in preparing this research. A study is investigated for 63 factors of consultants and constructors viewpoints. The total questionnaire was 120. 83 answers are (69%) resulted from the participants: 16 (64%) to owners, 22 (63%) to consultants and 45 (75%) to contractors. Significant issues decided were: The delay in execution of projects due to shortage and closure of materials; the labors’ availability in their work according to project duration; managing of projects and providing the skills of leadership; Alteration in prices of materials; highly qualified and expert persons need; Using of good materials and equipment. Constructing organizations should reach their strong purpose in their production. Perfect methods and approaches must be recognized for controlling the impact of political and economic conditions. Additionally, a training program should be provided to progress the innovators in the construction industry construction projects. Organizations in the KR should assess the sharing of the market earlier than implementing projects. The reason is going to the difficult economic situation in the KR. This will help the administrations to accomplish works positively.

The aim of this research is to study the effects of creep in High Strength Concrete HSC. Creep known as a deformation of the structure under a sustained load and is one of the major deformations that concrete face. Moreover, the study explains how creep is predicted in HSC using various methods established by different codes and researchers. The research method consists of an extensive review of all relevant literature on creep and high strength concrete. The main issue is a comparison of observed creep distortions with seven present prediction prototypes to define which of the models most precisely predict creep while using two methods of curing, accelerated curing and standard curing. The findings from the research displays that “ACI 209 Modified” code is the most precise model of predicting creep in accelerated cure applications and the AASHTO-LRFD is considered the best model for the prediction of creep. The main conclusion to be drawn from this study is that the accelerated curing technique for high strength concrete causes a higher change in time-dependent strains than standard curing. The research method consists of an extensive review of all relevant literature on creep and high strength concrete.

Innovation is the process of creating and implementing new ideas for the community, while competitiveness is the ability of a firm to provide the community standard quality services at competitive costs. Creativity and innovation have always been recognized as the foundation of success of any organization, as is the case for the construction industry worldwide. However, without taking the competitiveness in consideration, the prosperity process would be difficult. Over the past decade, the construction industry has been grown dramatically in Iraq, especially in northern region of the country. To keep the industry firms on the success path by way of making them innovative and competitive, examining factors affecting innovation and competitiveness is crucial. With this aim, this research is conducted so as to identify the factors influencing innovation and competitiveness of the firms. Literature review about innovation and competitiveness was reviewed to identify the factors affecting the innovation and competitiveness of construction projects. Pilot study of the questionnaire was achieved by a scouting sample. A questionnaire survey was conducted and 43 factors were identified, categorized into 7 groups of dimensions: 1) input, 2) driver, 3) barriers, 4) enabler, 5) impact, 6) competitiveness, and 7) firm’s need of innovation. 150 questionnaires were distributed on local construction firms. 85 questionnaires were received (57%).