2024-12-18

ABSTRACT In this study, zinc oxide nanorods were synthesized using chemical bath deposition with a ZnO seed layer on glass substrates via successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction. The effect of annealing temperature on the seed layer was investigated using various characterization tech niques. Results show that annealing temperature significantly influenced the morphology and quality of ZnO NRs. As the temperature increased from 0°C to 500°C, the nanorod length grew from 591 to 1008 nm. Optimal conditions were found at 450°C, with a growth rate of 4.2 nm/min and an aspect ratio of 11. The crystalline size ranged from 10.56 to 52.93 nm, confirmed by XRD analysis, showing the hexagonal wurtzite structure. The bandgap energy varied from 3.221 eV to 3.2656 eV, reflecting the impact of annealing on optical properties. Optical transmittance was highest at 0°C, decreasing from 57% to 13% as the annealing temperature increased.