ئەز   Sarwar Ahmed Hamad

The study tackles the critical need for efficient optimization techniques in unconstrained optimization problems, where conventional techniques often suffer from slow and inefficient convergence. There is still a need for algorithms that strike a balance between computational efficiency and robustness, despite advancements in gradient-based techniques. This work introduces a novel conjugate gradient approach based on the logistic mapping formula. As part of the methodology, descent conditions are established, and the suggested algorithm's global convergence properties are thoroughly examined. Comprehensive numerical experiments are used for empirical validation, and the new algorithm is compared to the Polak-Ribiere (PR) algorithm. The suggested approach performs better than the PR algorithm, according to the results, and is more efficient since it needs fewer function evaluations and iterations to reach convergence. Furthermore, the usefulness of the suggested approach is demonstrated by its actual use in regression analysis, notably in the modelling of population estimates for the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. In contrast to conventional least squares techniques, the method maintains low relative error rates while producing accurate predictions. All things considered, this study presents the novel conjugate gradient approach as an effective tool for handling challenging optimization problems in both theoretical and real-world contexts.

In this paper, we talk about Fractional differential equations are generalizations of ordinary differential equations to an arbitrary (non-integer) order. Fractional differential equations have attracted considerable interest because of their ability to model complex phenomena. These equations capture nonlocal relations in space and time with power-law memory kernels. Due to the extensive applications of FDEs in engineering and science, research in this area has grown significantly all around the world. Almost the arrangement representation of fragmentary differential equation with distinctive conditions and deals with some methods for analytically solving the linear and non-linear of fractional differential equation based upon a conformable derivative by several methods and illustrate many example.In this paper, we talk about Fractional differential equations are generalizations of ordinary differential equations to an arbitrary (non-integer) order. Fractional differential equations have attracted considerable interest because of their ability to model complex phenomena. These equations capture nonlocal relations in space and time with power-law memory kernels. Due to the extensive applications of FDEs in engineering and science, research in this area has grown significantly all around the world. Almost the arrangement representation of fragmentary differential equation with distinctive conditions and deals with some methods for analytically solving the linear and non-linear of fractional differential equation based upon a conformable derivative by several methods and illustrate many example.

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The Bernoulli and Riccati fractional differential equations are solved analytically using conformable derivatives in this paper. And To demonstrate the proposed solution, numerical examples of each equation are given.

Two non-parametric statistical methods are studied in this work. These are the nearest neighbor regression and the Nadaraya Watson kernel smoothing technique. We have proven that under a precise circumstance, the nearest neighborhood estimator and the Nadaraya Watson smoothing produce a smoothed data with a same error level, which means they have the same performance. Another result of the paper is that nearest neighborhood estimator performs better locally, but it graphically shows a weakness point when a large data set is considered on a global scale.Two non-parametric statistical methods are studied in this work. These are the nearest neighbor regression and the Nadaraya Watson kernel smoothing technique. We have proven that under a precise circumstance, the nearest neighborhood estimator and the Nadaraya Watson smoothing produce a smoothed data with a same error level, which means they have the same performance. Another result of the paper is that nearest neighborhood estimator performs better locally, but it graphically shows a weakness point when a large data set is considered on a global scale.