ئەز   Dilsouz Dakhil Hassan

Sustainable and natural-based materials with high stability and efficiency for water pollutant removal are vital for advancing sustainable water treatment technologies. This study investigates the use of chalcopyrite mineral nanoparticles (CP NPs), derived from natural and sustainable sources, as efficient, recyclable, and scalable adsorbents for the removal of organic dyes from aqueous solutions. The CP nanoparticles have been thoroughly characterized using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to determine their size, shape, elemental composition, and the oxidation states of the constituent elements. Due to their high surface area, unique electronic properties, and structural stability, chalcopyrite nanoparticles demonstrate promising potential in capturing and eliminating various dye pollutants from water. The BET analysis of CP NPs reveals a high surface area of 4.5 m2 g 1 with mesoporous structures and varying pore sizes (1.57 112.58 nm). We explored adsorption efficiencies using methylene blue dye, concentrations, and environmen tal conditions, showing that CP NPs offer high dye removal rates and rapid adsorption kinetics. Under the optimized conditions, a maximum removal efficiency of 99% was achieved using a pH of 8, a contact time of 40 minutes, a dye concentration of 10 mg L 1, and an adsorbent dosage of 0.05 g/100 mL. The experi mental data aligned most closely with the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.991), suggesting that the adsorption occurred on a non-uniform, multilayered surface. The mechanism of the adsorption was elaborated. This work highlights the natural-based nanoparticles’ applicability as cost-effective and sustainable adsorbents for water purification, advancing solutions to manage industrial dye pollutants and improve water quality in environmental systems.

Many cities in Iraq are facing environmental issues, such as air, and noise pollution, due to huge increases in population, vehicles density, heavy traffic congestion, as well as petroleum extraction. Therefore, the quality of the air has deteriorated and has threatened citizens’ health. In this research, the concentration of gaseous pollutants like carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2), ozone (O 3), methane (CH 4), and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) were measured at five locations near heavy traffic jams in Zakho City,(north of Iraq) during autumn and winter 2021-2022. In addition, the relationship between these pollutants and the meteorological parameter was investigated such as temperature (T, C), relative humidity (RH,%), atmospheric pressure (AP, mbar), wind speed (WS, m/s), and wind direction (WD). Methane (CH 4), and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) gases were not detected at all locations. In autumn, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2), and ozone (O 3) concentrations ranged from 0.0468-8.852 ppm, 0.0497-0.071%, and 0.0012-0.145 ppm, respectively, and 0.056-8.667 ppm, 0.0417-0.06 Vol%, and 0.0006-0.0571 ppm respectively during winter. The results show that concentrations of recorded gases and meteorological parameters were weakly correlated.