The present study was conducted at Zakho City in Northern Iraq to evaluate three different types of gasoline: Regular, Midgrade, and Premium. These types of gasoline are categorized based on their octane rating, which was measured to verify their classification. The results showed that the initial classification was accurate, with respective values of 87.5, 89.8, and 91.1. The study evaluated the three grades of gasoline available at Zakho Gas Stations in Northern Iraq, including Regular, Midgrade, and Premium. The study also compared the chemical composition of the three gasoline grades in terms of aromatics, olefin, sulfur content, and oxygen content. All the three gasoline grades met the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard for chemical composition, and all had acceptable specific gravities. In general, the study showed that the Regular and Premium gasoline types sold in the north of Iraq meet international quality standards. However, Midgrade gasoline is not recommended for use during the summer due to its high RVP value, low initial boiling point (IBP), and final boiling point (FBP), which can lead to increased volatility and environmental pollution, Moreover, using this type of gasoline may cause problems with the car engine.
2024-02
Global Advanced Research Journal of Engineering, Technology and Innovation
(Volume : 6)
How can “Instantaneous Pressure-Drop DIC” Texture Camelina Seeds, Increase Extraction Yields and Preserve Vegetal Oil Quality?
Texturing by “Instant Controlled Pressure-Drop” (DIC) used as pretreatment technique in both solvent and
pressing processes allowed getting higher yields and better kinetics with perfect preservation of quality of
Camelina-sativa seed vegetal oil. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used and led to optimize DIC
processing parameters of temperature (T) and time (t) at 158 ᵒC for 41 s. For both pressing and solvent,
yields were 0.3153 and 0.4490 g oil/g db (dry basis), which were 38% and 22%, respectively higher than the
yields issued from the crude Camelina seeds. In addition, the composition of vegetal oil issued from DICtextured
Camelina seeds was similar to the crude raw material oil, thus relating a good preservation of the
quality.
2018-01
International Journal Of Engineering Research And Development
(Issue : 9)
(Volume : 13)
Swell-Texturing assisted in-Situ Transesterification of Camelina Seeds Biodiesel
Camelina seeds are a captivating source of vegetal oil, used for both food and industrial
applications. The current work aims at intensifying In-Situ Transesterification (ISTE) using swell-texturing by
Instant Controlled Pressure-Drop (DIC). This DIC swell-texturing produced twice more biodiesel (0.7731
against 0.39 35 g FAME/g ddb).
2017-09
Global Journal of Researches in Engineering: G Industrial Engineering
(Issue : 2)
(Volume : 17)
Coupling of Texturing/Cooling using Instant Controlled Pressure Drop and Transesterfication for Biodiesel Production from Camelina Sativa
Although Camelina Sativa as oleaginous seeds has obvious advantages as a feed of
wonder health benefits, it has been recommended as a highly promising environmental
sustainable energy crop and a perfect source of biodiesel. The current work deals with the
industrial significance of intensifying the oil and biodiesel yield from Camelina seeds by
incorporation of a pretreatment stage for raw material texturing using Instant Controlled Pressure-
Drop (DIC) process. The texturing process proved to promote the yield of oils produced by
pressing the seeds, and extraction the seeds using solvent, by an amount of 75.9 and 82.9 kg oil
/1000 kg seeds, respectively compared to the raw untreated seeds.
2017-02
Journal of University of Zakho (JUOZ)
(Volume : 1)
SEPARATION AND SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF NPARAFFIN WAXES AND ISOPARAFFINS FROM THREE LOCAL CRUDES IN KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ
Samples of light, medium and extra heavy Kurdistan crude oils and have been de-asphalted and
separated into fractions of saturates by elution liquid chromatography technique. The fractions obtained
were separated into n-paraffins, isoparaffins by urea adduction and analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy.
The infrared data confirmed the presence of methyl and methylene groups in the saturate fractions of the
crude oils. Tawke paraffins fraction have the highest value of methyl index, while Jamjamal has the lowest,
it means that it has the longest chains of saturating hydrocarbon more than others, while Taqtaq
isoparaffins have the highest value, Jamjamal has the lowest.
2013-06
Journal of Petroleum and Gas Exploration Research
(Volume : 2)
Evaluation and improvement of gasoline and naphtha cut of Tawke crude oil wells, Zakho
Gasoline cuts have been separated from crude oil of Tawke wells (fourth and eighth) according
to ASTM method at one atmosphere. The physical properties of each gasoline have been determined.
Also chemical constituents of these gasolines have been examined using gas chromatography
and compared with Naphtha Tawke Refinery. Percent of each straight run gasoline from crude oil
of both wells have been determined with their Octane Numbers (RON and MON). The current
research has been performed to increase the Octane Number of both gasoline and Naphtha using
series of oxygenated and organometallic additives. Also, mixed additives of oxygenated and
organometallic have been added to this gasoline and Naphtha in order to find the enhancement
in Octane Number. These mixtures give more increases in Octane Number than pure oxygenated
or organometallic additives.
2011-11
Thesis
2018-05-08
Plant-Based (Camelina sativa) Biodiesel Manufacturing Using the Technology of Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC), Process Performance and Biofuel Quality
Ph.D. in Petroleum Chemistry
2018
2011
Evaluation and Improvement of Gasoline and Naphtha Cut of Tawki Crude Oil Wells, Zakho
Master of Science in Chemistry
2025
2007
Extraction and Analysis of Essential Oil from Local Plant by Steam Distillation
Diploma of Science in Chemistry
2025
Conference
2024 International Conference on Sustainable Technologies in Civil and Environmental Engineering (ICSTCE 2024)
2024-08
Natural waste recovery and preservation technologies toward sustainability
The article seeks to thoroughly review the published literature and diverse awareness regarding natural waste including agricultural residues and food debris. Attention is drawn to current-day techniques of natural waste recovery. The concept of natural waste and the developed new ways of recovery are reviewed to promote knowledge transfer of modern green technologies for sustainable society and new processes that may be incorporated as a starting step or intermediate step during recovery of agro-industrial residues for better production of added-value products. The approach is directed toward maximizing the value of biomass feedstock, as well as to reduce the environmental impact of the waste. The article focuses on processing routes of natural waste with eco-friendliness by applying various preservation technologies, the conventional and the novel at forefront the improved valorization of by-products that lead to advanced industries including biorefineries. Applications of the produced added-value products are also involved.
2nd International Scientific Conference of Al-Ayen University
2020-07
Simulation and optimization of the performance of fatty acids of camelina oil for the production of fatty acid methyl esters in a reactive distillation reactor.
There are lots of challenges facing the chemical processing industry, most of which are relevant to environmental concerns, energy, and capital costs. Reactive distillation is a chemical unit operation in which chemical reaction and product separation occur simultaneously in one unit resulted in reducing the number of downstream steps, energy savings, and greenhouse gases. In the current work, process flow sheets for industrial routes for conversion of camelina oil fatty acids to fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel) in presence of acid catalyst is modeled in Aspen HYSYS for the purpose to scale up the esters production. The effect of the operating and design parameters of the reactive distillation unit (15 stages) including alcohol to oil ratio, reaction temperature, reactants feed stage, a number of column stages and type of alcohol on esters yield is optimized in addition to design the production plant. The simulation results showed that optimum ester yield is obtained for linoleic acid and palmitic components using methanol, 6:1 alcohol to oil ratio, reaction temperature 60oC and feeding the oil and the alcohol at stage number 3 and 5 respectively, and adding more stages in the reactive distillation reactor improves the system performance.
