ئەز   Mamon Adam Maarof

This study attempts to investigate how fiscal policy instruments affect economic growth and how they contribute to Turkey's sustainable development. Fiscal policy is the term used to describe how the government uses taxing, spending, and borrowing to affect the overall state of the economy. The study looks into the unique fiscal policy initiatives put into place in Turkey and assesses their effects on economic expansion with a focus on sustainability. It also covers the Turkish government's opportunities and difficulties in implementing sound fiscal policy to promote sustainable development. The research may influence governments worldwide to cope with similar challenges and opportunities.

Since South Africa is in pursuit of accomplishing the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, it has become pertinent to accelerate the desired energy transition. Against this background, this work aims to evaluate the effects of oil prices, fiscal policy, and foreign direct investment on renewable energy consumption in South Africa from 1979 to 2019. Using the novel Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach, this study finds that economic growth and taxation revenues positively promote renewable energy in South Africa. In contrast, the findings show that an increase in oil prices has a negative impact on renewable energy in both short and long periods. Likewise, the research shows that foreign direct investment was not found to enhance renewable energy. The findings from fully modified-OLS, dynamic ordinary least squares, and canonical cointegrating regression models corroborate the findings of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag method. For the Granger causality inference, the findings demonstrate that there is a one-way causal connection detected from economic growth to the consumption of renewable energy. Based on these outcomes, a policy framework has been offered to help South Africa to attain the sustainable development goals.

The research the impact of the decline in world oil prices on the state budget for Iraq analytical study of the period 2004 - 2013, in order to know the impact of the decline in world oil prices on the state budget in Iraq and use its oil revenue to diversify the GDP sources, and assume the study, said the drop in oil prices risks and several Problems in the preparation of the general budget in Iraq, which activation requires the role of the income of non-oil sources in obtaining fiscal revenue so as to avoid the risk and problematic drop in oil prices in the general budget of the Dolh.olthakiq goal and hypothesis has been divided into three parts, which included the first part Besides the theoretical it has titled the historical development of the public budget in Iraq,

The study aimed to use Arima models to predict the impact of money supply on inflation in Iraq during the period from 2000 to 2030 AD. The study problem was summarized in that the rapid increase in money supply that exceeds GDP growth rates leads to higher inflation rates. The study relied on the descriptive analysis methodology and the combination of autoregressive models and moving averages. The study reached a number of results, including: 1. Money supply has no significant effect on inflation during the period from 2000 to 2022 AD. 2. The divergent money supply does not exceed inflation rates in the future if GDP remains high. The study also recommended activating the role of monetary policy tools to maintain the money supply and contain inflation rates.