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Published Journal Articles

Scientific Reports (Issue : 1) (Volume : 15)

Amine functionalized reduced graphene oxide decorated with BiOI and Ag3PO4 as a Novel Visible Light catalyst against RhB

Bismuth-based structures are recognized as active photocatalysts against emerging contaminants such as organic dyes. However,... See more

Bismuth-based structures are recognized as active photocatalysts against emerging contaminants such as organic dyes. However, the pure form of semiconductors needs modification to improve characteristics such as photo reactivity and catalytic performance. In this context, a novel heterojunction comprising BiOI, amine-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and Ag3PO4 was prepared which led to a reduction in energy bandgap and electron–hole recombination rate. Additionally, amine functionalization enhances catalytic performance of ArGO@BiOI photocatalyst against rhodamine B (RhB). The photocatalytic performance of BiOI, ArGO@BiOI, and ArGO@BiOI@Ag3PO4 composites for RhB was observed to be 92.25, 92.57, and 99.40% after 35 min, respectively. Optimizing RhB removal process by response surface methodology (RSM), indicated that the highest removal of ~ 99% was achieved at a …

2025-10

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (Volume : 303)

MXene-nanoparticles foliar application improves wheat morpho-physiological and biochemical traits under cadmium (Cd2+) stress: A novel sustainable approach

Cadmium (Cd2+) pollution is a persistent problem in the agricultural sector. Plants can be treated... See more

Cadmium (Cd2+) pollution is a persistent problem in the agricultural sector. Plants can be treated with nanoparticles (NP) to reduce heavy metal stress. MXene nanoparticles (MX-NPs) were tested for wheat Cd stress relief. Comparative confocal microscopy was used to examine the morphology, physiology, yield, biochemistry, antioxidant enzyme activity, and cell viability of the wheat plants. Cd-stressed plants exhibited a decline in morphological parameters and yield attributes, including leaf area (-49 %), root length (-35 %), shoot length (-18 %), seed weight (-37 %), seeds per plant (-69 %), root and shoot fresh weight (-55 % and −64 %), carotenoid levels (-40 %), total chlorophyll (-13 %), total soluble sugar (-29 %), total soluble protein (-39 %), antioxidant enzymatic activities (APX, CAT, and SOD by −16 %, −5 %, and −14 %, respectively), and nitrate reductase activity (-65 %) compared to the control group. Stress markers, including MDA (+270 %) and proline (+201 %), increased in plants exposed to Cd. Levels of total flavonoids (+481 %) and phenols (+92 %) were greater in the Cd-treated groups. Foliar application of MX-NPs (1000 ppm) significantly alleviated Cd-induced stress, as demonstrated by increases in shoot length and root length (+41 % and +39 %, respectively), seed weight (+69 %), seeds per plant (+99 %), carotenoid concentration (+30 %), chlorophyll content (+39 %), nitrate reductase activity (+60 %), and total soluble protein (+19 %) compared with the control group. The supplementation of 1000 ppm-MX-NPs with Cd (250 μM) in exposed plants led to an enhancement in antioxidant enzymes, with APX, CAT, and SOD increasing by 76 %, 81 %, and 84 %, respectively. Confocal microscopy revealed that MX-NPs increased cell viability following Cd exposure. In conclusion, MX-NPs foliar spray effectively reduced Cd-induced stress in wheat, promoting sustainable agriculture under 500 μM Cd stress.

2025-09

Aswan University Journal of Environmental Studies (Issue : 3) (Volume : 6)

Impacts of Noise Pollution on Physiological Parameters of High School Students in Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Noise pollution is becoming a serious environmental issue, especially in schools where students are regularly... See more

Noise pollution is becoming a serious environmental issue, especially in schools where students are regularly exposed to high noise levels. This study investigated the impact of noise affects body composition and physiological health in high school students at Sara-rem High School in Zakho, Iraq. Fifty 11th-grade students (ages 16–17) were divided into three groups: a control group in a quiet garden, a pre-exam group, and a post-exam group. Researchers measured noise levels with a sound level meter. They tracked physiological markers like oxygen saturation (SpO₂), body water content (BWC), body fat percentage (BF%), body muscle mass (BMC), body mass index (BMI), calorie intake, and blood pressure using standard medical devices. The findings showed big differences in noise exposure—the pre-exam group faced the loudest conditions (average 95.8 dB, peaking at 97.8 dB), while the control group had lower levels (around 85 dB). Male students had a noticeable drop in SpO₂ after exams (88.83% ± 3.24, p = 0.0504) and ate more calories (pre-exam: 2413 ± 88.12; post-exam: 2427 ± 92.44, p = 0.01). Female students saw increases in BWC (59.86% ± 4.7, p = 0.04) and BMC (77.29% ± 1.36, p = 0.043). Blood pressure also rose during exams for both genders (males: 133 ± 3.2 mmHg, p = 0.0109; females: 129.1 ± 3.41 mmHg, p = 0.008). These results suggest that noise pollution takes a real toll on students’ health, particularly during stressful periods like exams. Schools should consider ways to reduce noise and protect students from these harmful effects.

2025-09

Journal of Scientific Development for Studies and Research (JSD) (Issue : 23) (Volume : 6)

Assessment of Heavy Metal and Physical-chemical Contamination in Roadside Soils along Duhok to Zakho highway, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Soil plays a vital role in food production, making sustainable soil management essential for environmental... See more

Soil plays a vital role in food production, making sustainable soil management essential for environmental and agricultural health. This study assesses heavy metal contamination and physico-chemical properties of roadside soils along the Duhok to Zakho highway in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Increased vehicular traffic on public roads has notably affected soil quality. Understanding the impact of highways on soil properties is critical for achieving sustainability. In this investigation, 20 soil samples were collected from both the left and right sides of the highway at distances of 5 m and 15 m from the road edge, at a soil depth of 0–15 cm. The samples were analyzed for physical properties (soil texture, moisture content, organic matter, field capacity) and chemical properties (pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, nitrogen, C:N ratio), along with concentrations of the heavy metal lead (Pb). The analysis showed that soil texture varied among sites—classified as clay, sandy clay loam, loam, or sandy loam—indicating general suitability for arable crops. Results revealed pH ranged from 4.40 to 6.60, EC from 0.72 to 1.02 dS/m, organic matter from 0.13% to 6.12%, nitrogen from 0.08% to 0.84%, moisture content from 2.90% to 15.00%, field capacity from 27.51% to 37.93%, and organic carbon from 0.29% to 3.68%. Lead concentrations ranged from 2.00 to 3.11 mg/kg and exceeded WHO permissible limits. Farmers are encouraged to use soil health cards and apply sustainable management practices.

2025-09

Innovative Environmental Engineering Solutions (Issue : 1) (Volume : 1)

Green Synthesis of AgNPs for Groundwater Remediation: Characterization and Heavy Metal Removal Performance

This study addresses the issue of toxic heavy metal contamination of groundwater and proposes an... See more

This study addresses the issue of toxic heavy metal contamination of groundwater and proposes an innovative and sustainable remediation strategy using green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). While previous studies have demonstrated the potential of AgNPs in water purification, this study is unique in using a plant-mediated synthesis route using Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) and evaluating its effectiveness. This column-based method offers valuable insights into the practical application and scale-up of AgNPs, especially in resource-limited settings. Comprehensive analysis of groundwater samples discovered that although physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and dissolved solids (DS) were within acceptable limits, while turbidity, arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) limits. However, these values were reported in the limits prescribed by Pakistan National Environmental Quality Standards (Pak-NEQS). The eco-friendly AgNPs displayed significant removal capacities, especially for Zn, Cd, and As. This performance is due to their large specific surface area and the presence of active functional groups, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The nanoparticles showed antibacterial qualities in addition to their potent adsorptive activity, which increased their suitability for water purification. This study offers a viable and scalable way to reduce groundwater contamination by combining green nanotechnology with economical, ecologically fr.....

2025-08

Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences (Issue : 2) (Volume : 7)

Assessing Health Risk Mitigation Efficiency of the Halabja Water Treatment Plant in Drinking Water Purification

Water quality management represents a paramount public health issue, especially within areas where surface water... See more

Water quality management represents a paramount public health issue, especially within areas where surface water resources are particularly susceptible to contamination. This investigation evaluates the efficacy of health risk mitigation provided by the Halabja Water Treatment Plant (HWTP) . The facility processes water sourced from Sirwan Lake, employing methodologies such as sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. The primary aim was to ascertain the removal efficiency of trace elements (e.g., As, Pb, Cd, and Cr) throughout various treatment phases, while also examining the potential health hazards linked to the consumption of tap water. Water samples were systematically collected on a monthly basis over a two-year period (2022–2023) at three distinct phases: raw water, treated water, and tap water. Analytical techniques encompassed trace element quantification alongside health risk evaluation utilizing hazard quotient indices (HQ). The results indicated a significant reduction in turbidity (from 59 NTU in raw water to between 0.1 and 5 NTU in treated water) as well as in heavy metal concentrations. For instance, cadmium levels diminished from 0.48 µg/L in raw water to 0.018 µg/L in treated water, while arsenic concentrations were reduced from 2.951 µg/L to 2.503 µg/L. Nonetheless, occasional exceedances of WHO standards were detected in tap water, with lead concentrations peaking at 9.4 µg/L in November, suggesting potential recontamination during the distribution process. Hazard indices remained below the critical threshold of 1 for the majority of metals, signifying manageable health risks. The highest hazard index for pre-treated water was recorded at 0.61 (in September), which subsequently declined to 0.15 following treatment. These findings underscore the success of HWTP in diminishing contaminants. This study contributes to the optimization of water treatment methodologies and emphasizes the critical importance of ongoing monitoring to ensure the provision of safe drinking water.

2025-08

Materials Engineering and Technologies (Issue : 1) (Volume : 1)

Synthesis and Characterization of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Using Vernonia anthelmintica Extract and Their Biological Activities

The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using biological methods has gained increasing attention due to... See more

The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using biological methods has gained increasing attention due to their broad range of applications. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized via a simple and eco-friendly approach using Vernonia anthelmintica stem and leaf extract as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized through UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). UV-Vis analysis revealed a distinct surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 413 nm, confirming the formation of AgNPs. XRD results indicated a crystalline structure with an average crystallite size of approximately 49 nm, while SEM analysis revealed an average particle size of around 21 nm, suggesting polydispersity. EDX spectra confirmed the presence of elemental silver, and FTIR analysis identified functional groups such as alkenes, dicarboxylic amino acids, and sulfonyl chlorides, indicating their role in the reduction and stabilization of the nanoparticles. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited notable antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Citrobacter (Gram-negative), with inhibition zones of 20 mm and 18 mm, respectively. In contrast, the plant extract alone showed no antibacterial effect. The AgNPs also demonstrated antifungal activity against Echromonium, Penicillium, and Pythium, whereas the crude extract was inactive against these fungi. Additionally, antioxidant activity, assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, showed …

2025-07

Scientific Reports (Issue : 1) (Volume : 15)

Combine effects of Broussonetia papyrifera-derived biochar and selenium nanoparticles for lead-polluted saline soils remediation during barley cultivation

Contamination of soil with lead (Pb) and salinity is a substantial concern, impacting plant health... See more

Contamination of soil with lead (Pb) and salinity is a substantial concern, impacting plant health and yield. This research analyzes the synergistic use of Broussonetia papyrifera-derived biochar (BP-BC) and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) to alleviate the detrimental impacts of salinity and Pb on barley plants. Field trials in Pb-polluted saline soils showed the use of SeNPs (0, 10 and 20 mg L−1) and BP-BC (0, 5 and 10 t ha−1) markedly enhanced soil physicochemical attributes, such as soil ESP, pH and EC. The synergistic use of SeNPs and BP-BC substantially alleviated influences of salinity and Pb on barley plant and soil. BP-BC (10t-ha−1) diminished pH of soil by 5.98% and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) by 29.71% relative to the control group, while enhancing microbial biomass (49.11%). SeNPs (20 mg L−1) diminished Pb buildup in barley shoots by 60.39% and in seed by 49.40%, whereas …

2025-07

Materials Engineering and Technologies (Issue : 1) (Volume : 1)

Synthesis and Characterization of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Using Vernonia anthelmintica Extract and Their Biological Activities

The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using biological methods has gained increasing attention due to... See more

2025-07

Scientific Reports (Issue : 15) (Volume : 15)

Associations between essential trace elements and sleep quality in Iranian adults based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index

Sleep is a fundamental physiological process essential for maintaining both physical and mental well-being. Various... See more

Sleep is a fundamental physiological process essential for maintaining both physical and mental well-being. Various biological, environmental, and nutritional factors influence sleep quality, with recent studies focusing on the role of trace elements. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the individual and combined effects of serum levels of essential trace elements—specifically magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se)—on sleep quality among Iranian adults, utilizing the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). This cross-sectional study involved 99 individuals with sleep disorders who were referred to Farabi Hospital between October 2024 and February 2025. Sleep quality among participants was assessed using the PSQI, while serum levels of essential elements were analyzed through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The study’s findings revealed a negative correlation between Fe concentration and total PSQI scores (Beta = − 0.02, 95% CI − 0.03 to 0.00, P = 0.03). Higher levels of Fe were associated with a reduced risk of poor subjective sleep quality (OR 0.984, 95% CI 0.971 to 0.995, P = 0.009) and shorter sleep latency (OR 0.986, 95% CI 0.972–0.990, P = 0.03). Additionally, an increase in Fe concentration correlated with improved habitual sleep efficiency (OR 0.984, 95% CI 0.968 to 0.997, P = 0.02). Using the quantile g-computation model, Fe was identified as the most significant factor influencing the overall PSQI score. Furthermore, the generalized additive model indicated notable non-linear relationships between Co and the global PSQI score (P = 0.02), as well as between Zn and the global PSQI score (P = 0.034). In conclusion, the results highlights that individuals with low serum Fe levels face a considerably higher risk of poor sleep quality. Additionally, Co concentration was found to exert a significant negative effect on the global PSQI score, further pointing to the importance of trace elements in sleep health.

2025-06

Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal

Heavy Metal Contamination Along the Duhok-Zakho Highway Soils: Spatial analysis, Risks, and Ecological Implications

This study investigates heavy metal contamination in soils of the Duhok-Zakho Highway of Iraq, where... See more

This study investigates heavy metal contamination in soils of the Duhok-Zakho Highway of Iraq, where 20 samples were collected along a 50-km-long highway to assess Cu, Pb, Fe, Mg, Co, Ni, and Mn concentrations. Results revealed significant spatial variations in metal concentration, where the ranking of the metals followed: Fe > Mn > Mg > Ni > Co > Pb > Cu. The enrichment factor analysis indicated moderate to very high levels, while the geoaccumulation index exhibited a high level of metal enrichment, surpassing the standard background value. The ecological risk was assessed as moderate. Non-carcinogenic risk analysis revealed that Fe and Mn posed extreme non-cancer risk, with ingestion accounting for 99.95% of exposure. Children showed 10 times more vulnerability than adults to non-cancer risks. Carcinogenic risk derived from Ni and Pb exceeded the USEPA guideline threshold (1 × 10−6), with …

2025-06

Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies (Volume : 59)

Enhancing the prediction of groundwater quality index in semi-arid regions using a novel ANN-based hybrid arctic puffin-hippopotamus optimization model

This study presents a novel hybrid arctic puffin–hippopotamus optimization (HPHO) algorithm combined with an artificial... See more

This study presents a novel hybrid arctic puffin–hippopotamus optimization (HPHO) algorithm combined with an artificial neural network (ANN) to improve irrigation water quality index (IWQI) predictions in semi-arid areas. A total of 88 groundwater samples from the study region were collected and analyzed using statistical and graphical tools. Hydrochemical facies showed a dominance of calcium bicarbonate (CaHCO₃) water, indicating the role of carbonate dissolution. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed that groundwater quality was influenced by both geogenic and anthropogenic factors. IWQI values exhibited good to excellent classifications, with lower-quality zones linked to higher contamination.

2025-05

Ecology and Evolution (Issue : 5) (Volume : 15)

Future of Three Endemic Woody Species of Colutea (Fabaceae) in a Changing Climate in Iran

Woody plants offer valuable services to ecosystems, including providing useful products, stabilizing ecosystems, and mitigating... See more

Woody plants offer valuable services to ecosystems, including providing useful products, stabilizing ecosystems, and mitigating climate and pollution effects. However, they face significant abiotic and biotic stresses, with climate change being the most critical challenge. It is essential to understand that reducing populations of woody species, particularly those found only in a specific area, can have severe and irreversible effects on the entire ecosystem. Therefore, exploring the potential influence of climate change on the distribution of endemic woody species is an appealing subject for conservation researchers. This study investigates how climate change affects the distribution of three endemic species of woody plants in the genus Colutea in Iran. The MaxEnt model was used to analyze the data, and the results showed that the model was effective for predicting the impact of climate change on the plants (AUC ≥ 0.9). The distribution of C. persica was significantly affected by solar radiation, Precipitation of Wettest Month, sand, and silt content. C. porphyrogamma's distribution was impacted by Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter, Precipitation of Driest Month, and Cation Exchange Capacity, while C. triphylla was most affected by Precipitation Seasonality, Precipitation of Driest Quarter, and Isothermality. According to the findings, the distribution of these species is expected to decrease in the 2050s and 2070s due to climate change, based on the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate scenarios. These findings can be useful for developing strategies to manage the impacts of climate change on these species.

2025-05

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (Issue : 8) (Volume : 236)

Effect of MXenes, nZVI and Acacia-wood Biochar Treatments on Bioavailability Pb and Fractions in Calcareous-polluted Soils

The remediation of contaminated soils with heavy metals is a critical environmental policy in both... See more

The remediation of contaminated soils with heavy metals is a critical environmental policy in both developing and industrialized countries. The various adsorbents utilization is an effective method for the immobilization of toxic metals in contaminated soils. The present research sought to evaluate lead (Pb) immobilization in contaminated calcareous soil impacted by the application of different amendments such as Acacia-wood biochar MXenes, and nZVI and their interaction during maize growth. The study employed three amendments, biochar MXenes, and nZVI at three concentrations (0, 2.5, and 5%) and various levels of Pb pollution (0, 50, and 100 mg/kg soil). An incubation time of 16 weeks was designated for homogenization of supplements in soil, and maize cultivated following standard procedures. After incubation, various fractions of Pb, such as residual, organic matter-bound, carbonate-bound, exchangeable, and manganese and iron-bound, were determined. Additionally, Pb was assessed using EDTA and DTPA techniques and 1000-grain weight of maize was recorded. The findings indicated that maximum concentration of Pb associated with organic matter was achieved in the 5% Acacia-wood biochar application, reaching 20 mg/kg. Maximum and minimum concentration of Pb extracted was DTPA were recorded in the control sample (95 mg/kg) and 5% biochar treatment (65 mg/kg). Findings indicated that enhancing quantities of biochar and MXenes supplements enhanced weight of 1000 grains of maize across all treatments. Results indicate that biochar and MXenes addition decreased level of Pb extracted using EDTA (129 mg/kg) and DTPA (79 mg/kg). Findings indicated that biochar and MXenes application decreased active Pb and Pb mobility in soil by enhancing carbonate and organic fractions. The biochar and MXenes addition in remediation of soil can improve their efficacy in decreasing the level and active Pb mobility. Biochar offers stable C matrix for more Pb immobilization, whereas MXenes enhance adsorption potential and facilitate ion-exchange ability.

2025-05

Scientific Reports (Issue : 15) (Volume : 15)

Serum levels of trace elements in diabetic pregnant women and their relationship with growth indicators in newborns

Intrauterine life is a critical and sensitive period during which the fetus is particularly vulnerable... See more

Intrauterine life is a critical and sensitive period during which the fetus is particularly vulnerable to external influences such as trace elements. Therefore, this research focuses on a group of diabetic and non-diabetic mothers to clarify the impacts of maternal trace element status on neonatal outcomes. This case–control study involved 111 pregnant women—57 with diabetes and 54 without—as well as their infants. Maternal blood samples were collected before delivery, and the serum levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and arsenic (As) were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Demographic data were recorded using a checklist, and after birth, the infants’ height, weight, and head circumference were measured. There were no statistically significant differences in the trace element levels between the two groups. In the non-diabetic group, only the correlation between Cu concentration and head circumference was significant (r = − 0.33, P = 0.015). In the diabetic group, there were significant inverse relationships between the concentrations of Cu and Fe with growth parameters, specifically for Fe and birth weight (r = − 0.265, P = 0.047), for Fe and head circumference (r = − 0.314, P = 0.017), for Cu and birth weight (r = − 0.374, P = 0.004), and for Cu and head circumference (r = − 0.345, P = 0.009). Additionally, a positive and significant relationship was found between Cr levels and the weight, height, and head circumference of the infants. Based on the results of multivariate regression analysis, among diabetic mothers, elevated Cu levels negatively impacted both the weight and head circumference of the infants and Cr concentration positively correlated with birth length, while exposure to cigarette smoke adversely affected the infants’ weight. These findings highlight the importance of maternal health, particularly the status of trace elements and lifestyle factors such as smoking, in influencing neonatal outcomes.

2025-05

Global NEST Journal (Issue : 6) (Volume : 27)

Adsorption-desorption of doxycycline using pyrophosphoric acid-modified biochar derived from sesame stalk

The knowledge of the adsorption-desorption behavior of doxycycline on pyrophosphoric acid modified biochar derived from... See more

The knowledge of the adsorption-desorption behavior of doxycycline on pyrophosphoric acid modified biochar derived from sesame is limited. In this study, we examined the doxycycline sorption on pyrophosphoric acid modified-sesame stalk biochar. The isotherm and kinetic sorption data showed pyrophosphoric acid treatment enhanced the sorption of doxycycline on both modified and un-modified biochar; and showed the chemisorption including EDA interaction(π-π electron-donor-acceptor) interaction, pore filling and H-bonding might be the primary mechanism. The maximum adsorption capacities for unmodified biochar were (87.6 mg g−1), and 153.9mg g−1 for modified biochar (153.9mg g−1), it was many times higher than pristine biochar. More than 90% of the adsorption capacity was retained after three successive adsorption-desorption cycles. Besides, the strong electrostatic attraction between biochars and doxycycline might largely explain the improved sorption capacity of doxycycline along with increasing pH from 5 to 9. The main responsible mechanisms for the sorption of doxycycline included surface complexation, H-bonding, π-π electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) interactions, pore-filling effects. The results of the current study display that pyrophosphoric acid-modified biochar has potential applications as an efficient, recyclable adsorbent for the removal of antibiotics from wastewater for low-cost remediation.

2025-05

Earth Systems and Environment (Issue : 2) (Volume : 10)

From Green to Grey: Assessing the Impact of Urbanization on Land Surface Temperature and Thermal Comfort in Multan City

Understanding the impact of rapid urbanization on land use and environmental conditions is crucial for... See more

Understanding the impact of rapid urbanization on land use and environmental conditions is crucial for developing effective urban planning strategies, particularly in rapidly growing cities like Multan, Pakistan. This study investigates the shifts in land use and land cover (LULC) and their contributions to the intensification of Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) effects and rising thermal stress. The Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI) is used to assess these changes quantitatively. A multi-temporal analysis of Landsat satellite imagery and GIS-based techniques examines LULC trends from 1994 to 2024. The findings reveal a 130.54% increase in urban areas, with built-up land expanding from 13,412.73 hectares (7%) in 1994 to 30,921.14 hectares (16%) in 2024, alongside a significant decline in agricultural land. This urban expansion has contributed to a rise in Land Surface Temperature (LST), with the mean …

2025-02

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography (Volume : 221)

Introducing a new method to determining the capacity of heavy metal absorption by macro algae on the coast of Persian Gulf based on Kullback-Leibler cumulative information

Researchers have continuously sought effective and affordable ways to address contamination. Application of both live... See more

Researchers have continuously sought effective and affordable ways to address contamination. Application of both live and deceased algae biomass has emerged as a highly effective and promising approach for remediation. In this study, the efficacy of macroalgal species (Padina gymnospora, Cladophoropsis membranacea, and Hypnea hamulosa) harvested from the northern coast of the Persian Gulf was evaluated for their capacity to biosorb heavy metals, with a focus on nickel, lead, cadmium, and mercury. The study encompassed two key components. Firstlythe experimental methodology was meticulously design using Design-Expert software. Secondly, a novel approach involving – the analysis of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the algae was introduced, employing a measure known as cumulative Kullback–Leibler information. The results showed that P. gymnospora is capable of removing …

2025-02

Scientific Reports (Issue : 1) (Volume : 15)

Relationships of the serum levels of toxic trace elements in pregnant women versus exposure to second-hand smoke

Tobacco smoke contains many toxic heavy metals that cause adverse effects in humans. The association... See more

Tobacco smoke contains many toxic heavy metals that cause adverse effects in humans. The association between second-hand smoke (SHS) and the toxic metals accumulated in pregnant women are still unclear. We measured trace element levels in the sera of pregnant women exposed to SHS and compared the data to those of unexposed pregnant women. Moreover, the data were contrasted with the anthropometric measurements (birth weight, birth length, and head circumference) of their newborn babies after delivery. Two groups of pregnant women were voluntarily recruited, and their blood samples were collected. Then, ten trace elements were measured in their sera, and the data were statistically analyzed using R version 4.0.3 software. The serum trace elements in the smoking subjects were higher than those of the non-smokers, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The SHS had …

2025-02

Science Journal of University of Zakho (Issue : 1) (Volume : 13)

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICES RELATED TO THE DISPOSAL OF EXPIRED AND UNUSED MEDICATIONS IN HOUSEHOLD IN DUHOK CITY, KURDISTAN REGION, IRAQ

Unused, unwanted, and expired household medications can accumulate and be improperly disposed of, posing a... See more

Unused, unwanted, and expired household medications can accumulate and be improperly disposed of, posing a major national and international public health and environmental concern. This problem is primarily caused by a lack of awareness and understanding of appropriate medicine disposal techniques. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the disposal of unused, unwanted, or expired household medicines among the general public in Duhok city, in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Between March 6 and June 6, 2023, 250 participants were interviewed in person using a pre-validated structured questionnaire for this cross-sectional study. The accuracy of the returned questionnaires was verified multiple times. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the sample population's characteristics, and the findings were presented in tables as percentages. Out of the 250 respondents included in the study, 115 (46%) were females, and 165 (66%) were married. A total of 205 (82%) of the respondents had formal education. The most commonly used disposal practice for unused medicines was throwing them in household garbage, as reported by 137 (54.8%). Interestingly, 127 (61.95%) of the participants who disposed of medicines in the garbage had formal education. About 68 (27.2%) of the participants kept unused or unwanted medicines at home for future use or until expiration, followed by giving them to friends and relatives (23, or 18.07%), while a few (12, or 9.27%) burned medicines at home. Significantly, 206 (82.4%) of the respondents did not check the expiry date before taking medicine. A majority of respondents, 155 (62%), held the government responsible for creating awareness about proper medicine disposal. Almost all participants (220, or 88%) felt that improper disposal of unused and expired medicines can affect the environment and health. This study revealed that the most common ways to dispose of unused, unwanted, and expired medication were tossing them in the trash and storing them for later use. There is an urgent need to address the fact that most study participants disposed of medicine in unsafe ways. Nonetheless, the majority of participants agreed that improper disposal of medications poses a threat to public health and the environment. Therefore, both national and local stakeholders urgently need to implement tailored interventions to address the situation.

2025-01

Scientific Reports (Issue : 1) (Volume : 15)

Role of toxic and essential elements in sleep duration of patients with cardiovascular diseases

Sleep disorders are a common aspect of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) that can negatively impact a... See more

Sleep disorders are a common aspect of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) that can negatively impact a patient’s quality of life, trigger coronary events, accelerate disease progression, and influence patient survival. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between essential and toxic elements with sleep duration among CVD patients. The study utilized cross-sectional data from 150 patients with CVDs (n = 150) from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) Cohort Study. Serum concentrations of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), and nickel (Ni) were measured using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The prevalence of short-sleep duration (< 7 h), normal sleep duration (7–8 h), and long-sleep duration (> 8 h) were 36%, 10.6%, and 53.3%, respectively. No significant differences were found among the three sleep duration categories in terms of serum …

2025-01

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (Issue : 1) (Volume : 290)

Synergistic effects of allantoin and Achyranthes japonica-biochar profoundly alleviate lead toxicity during barley growth

Lead (Pb), a toxic metal, causes severe health hazards to both humans and plants due... See more

Lead (Pb), a toxic metal, causes severe health hazards to both humans and plants due to environmental pollution. Biochar addition has been efficiently utilized to enhance growth of plants as well as yield in the presence of Pb-induced stress. The present research introduces a novel use of biochar obtained from the weed Achyranthes japonica to enhance the growth of plants in Pb-contaminated soil. An experiment was performed with 7 treatments: Control, Pb2+ (10 mg kg−1) only, biochar (4 %) only, allantoin (4 g kg−1) only, biochar combined with Pb2+, allantoin combined with biochar, as well as a combination of allantoin and biochar with Pb2+. Lead toxicity alone markedly diminished plant growth metrics, including root and shoot length, biomass (wet and dry), chlorophyll concentration, and grain production. The application of biochar, allantoin, or their joint administration markedly enhanced the length of …

2025-01

Heliyon (Issue : 24) (Volume : 10)

Application of Mont Carlo Simulation and Artificial Neural Network Model to Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment in Fluoride-Endemic Areas

Groundwater contamination with fluoride is a considerable public health concern that affects millions of people... See more

Groundwater contamination with fluoride is a considerable public health concern that affects millions of people worldwide. The rapid growth of urbanization has led to increase in groundwater contamination. The health risk assessment focuses on both acute and chronic health consequences as it investigates the extent and effects of fluoride exposure through contaminated groundwater. Fluoride exposure, especially in endemic locations, has serious health consequences, including dental and skeletal fluorosis. An accurate assessment of these hazards is essential for public health planning and mitigation actions. The present study uses Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to perform a Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment on populations in fluoride-endemic areas. Analysis of the results of the study reveals that the concentration of fluoride ranged from 0.58 to 3.80 mg/L with an average of 2.30 mg/L across the Kasganj district, which was higher than permissible limits given by BIS and WHO. The highest value of hazard quotient of 3.29 for Children is found to be in the Durga Colony area, while the lowest value of the hazard quotient of 0.31 for adults is found to be in the Nadrai Gate area. The assessment of health risks revealed a high probability of non-carcinogenic disease from the consumption of groundwater containing fluoride. The ANN model has the R2 value of 0.9989 in training and 0.9870 in testing while RMSE value in training and testing was 0.02230 and 0.0267. The findings suggest that before being used, the groundwater in Kasganj, Uttar Pradesh, India, needs to be treated and made drinkable. The results emphasize the critical need for ongoing monitoring, public education initiatives, and implementing feasible mitigating techniques to lower fluoride exposure. The findings show that this hybrid model is excellent at addressing the numerous uncertainties associated with fluoride use, hence improving the reliability of health risk estimates in fluoride-endemic locations. The results offer vital information to help policymakers and local health officials create focused measures to safeguard public health in Kasganj.

2024-12

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules (Volume : 287)

Facile fabrication of novel magnetic chitosan-alginate@ pomegranate peel extract nanocomposite for the adsorptive removal of naphthalene from aqueous solutions

The prevalent presence of naphthalene contamination in aquatic ecosystems is a significant concern due to... See more

The prevalent presence of naphthalene contamination in aquatic ecosystems is a significant concern due to its carcinogenic and priority pollutant properties. This study focuses on the synthesis of magnetized chitosan/alginate/pomegranate peel extract nanocomposites (Fe3O4/PPE/Cs-Alg), was characterized by Zeta potential, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The results predicted that the successfully synthesis of Fe3O4/PPE/Cs-Alg. The study evaluates the efficacy of the nanocomposite in naphthalene removal, considering operational parameters like pH, varied initial naphthalene concentrations, nanocomposite doses and contact time . The maximum adsorption capacities of naphthalene optimal conditions were 88.12 mg/g for 50 ppm initial naphthalene concentration. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Sips isotherms were applied to analyze the experimental equilibrium data. The Sips isotherm was identified as the most suitable model, as evidenced by the highest (R2 = 0.97), Also, the adsorption data conformed well to the pseudo-second-order kinetics model (R2 = 0.99). The thermodynamic study showed positive values for ΔH° and ΔS° throughout the adsorption process respectively, implying an endothermic behavior. Therefore, we found that it can significantly remove naphthalene in aqueous environments and hence could be useful for cleaning up the environment from Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbon.

2024-12

Catalysts (Issue : 1) (Volume : 15)

BiOI-MIL Binary Composite for Synergistic Azo Dye AR14 Discoloration

Acid red 14 (AR14) is a widely used azo dye that belongs to a major... See more

Acid red 14 (AR14) is a widely used azo dye that belongs to a major family of commercial dyes employed extensively in the textile industry. The present study aimed to investigate the photocatalytic discoloration of AR14 using a visible-light-responsive catalyst. The composite catalyst was synthesized by integrating thermally modified MIL-101 (M-MIL) integrated into bismuth oxide. Thermal modification of MIL-101 produced octahedral α-Fe2O3 particles with a size of 1–2 μm, which were incorporated into bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) featuring a nanosheet structure. BiOI@M-MIL composite exhibited an enhanced photocatalytic activity. The bandgap energy, Eg, of BiOI was reduced from 1.95 eV to 1.73 eV in the composite. Photocatalytic reactions were performed under visible-light irradiation using a 5 W cold LED lamp. The AR14 discoloration tests demonstrated that BiOI@M-MIL was 1.81-fold more efficient compared to pristine BiOI. Key parameters affecting AR14 discoloration —such as catalyst dosage, pH, dye concentration, and contact time, were investigated. The composite achieved almost a complete dye removal efficiency of 94.26% under experimental conditions. Radical trapping tests highlighted the crucial role of superoxide radicals, in the dye discoloration process. BiOI@M-MIL takes advantage of simultaneous adsorption and photocatalysis with the highest adsorption capacity of 45.32 mg g−1 and 32.2 mg g−1, based on Sips and Langmuir models, respectively. The catalyst also showed good reusability and ~14% loss in removal efficiency after five consecutive cycles. In conclusion, the BiOI@M-MIL composite demonstrates excellent photocatalytic performance, combining low energy consumption with material stability, making it a promising candidate for AR14 discoloration.

2024-12

International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering Review (IJASER) (Issue : 6) (Volume : 5)

THERMAL POLLUTION AND ITS IMPACTS ON HUMAN HEALTH: A REVIEW

Thermal pollution, primarily caused by industrial discharges and power plants, significantly impacts both environmental and... See more

Thermal pollution, primarily caused by industrial discharges and power plants, significantly impacts both environmental and human health. This review explores the sources, ecological consequences, and emerging concerns regarding human health linked to thermal pollution. Power plants, particularly nuclear and coal-fired, release heated water into natural bodies, disrupting aquatic ecosystems by altering species composition, increasing metabolic rates, and reducing dissolved oxygen levels, which are vital for aquatic life. Urbanization, stormwater runoff, and deforestation exacerbate this issue by increasing surface temperatures and contributing to the degradation of aquatic habitats. Furthermore, climate change intensifies thermal pollution, compounding its environmental effects. This review also investigates the lesser-explored human health implications of thermal pollution, particularly through the contamination of water supplies and disruption of aquatic resources. While much research focuses on ecological impacts, there is a growing need for studies addressing how thermal pollution indirectly affects human populations, such as through compromised food chains and degraded water quality. Mitigation strategies, including cooling towers, green infrastructure, and riparian buffer restoration, offer potential solutions. However, the review highlights significant gaps in understanding the full scope of thermal pollution’s effects on human health and emphasizes the need for future interdisciplinary research to bridge these gaps..

2024-11

EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) (Issue : 11) (Volume : 10)

NOISE POLLUTION AND ITS EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH- A REVIEW

Noise pollution is a pervasive environmental issue with significant adverse effects on human health. This... See more

Noise pollution is a pervasive environmental issue with significant adverse effects on human health. This abstract explores the impact of noise pollution on both physical and mental well-being, emphasizing its role in increasing risks for cardiovascular diseases, hearing loss, sleep disturbances, and cognitive impairments. Vulnerable populations, including children and the elderly, are particularly affected by high noise levels, which exacerbate stress, anxiety, and depression, and impair cognitive development in children. The economic implications of noise pollution are considerable, with substantial costs associated with healthcare and productivity losses, as well as negative effects on community cohesion and quality of life. Effective noise management is essential, requiring robust regulations, improved urban planning, and heightened public awareness. Further research is needed to understand the long-term health impacts, refine noise reduction technologies, and assess effects on specific populations. Interdisciplinary studies will be crucial in developing comprehensive strategies to mitigate the health impacts of noise pollution.

2024-11

GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences (GSCBPS) (Issue : 02) (Volume : 29)

Assessing the impact of radiofrequency radiation from cellular towers on human health: A comprehensive review

The proliferation of cellular communication towers, driven by the rapid advancement of wireless technologies like... See more

The proliferation of cellular communication towers, driven by the rapid advancement of wireless technologies like 4G and 5G, has raised significant public health concerns regarding the potential effects of long-term exposure to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation (EMR). This review explores the implications of RF radiation emitted by these towers, which is classified as non-ionizing and typically associated with thermal effects, albeit at levels considered safe by major health organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Key topics addressed include the mechanisms of RF radiation interaction with biological systems, public concerns about health effects including cancer risks, neurological impacts, reproductive health, and the controversial condition known as electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS). While numerous studies suggest that RF exposure does not lead to significant adverse health outcomes at permissible levels, evidence regarding potential non-thermal effects, such as oxidative stress and changes in cell signaling, remains inconclusive. The review emphasizes the need for further research into the long-term effects of RF radiation, particularly with the expansion of 5G technology, and considers the regulatory frameworks established to ensure public safety. The conclusion highlights a cautious approach, advocating for ongoing scientific inquiry and the application of the precautionary principle, especially concerning vulnerable populations like children and pregnant women.

2024-11

Glob Acad J Agri Biosci (Issue : 6) (Volume : 6)

Review of Heavy Metal Removal from Soil: Methods and Technologies

Soil health is vital for ecosystem functioning, agriculture, and human well-being, yet heavy metal contamination... See more

Soil health is vital for ecosystem functioning, agriculture, and human well-being, yet heavy metal contamination poses significant risks to environmental and public health. This review examines various methods for removing heavy metals from contaminated soils, focusing on physical, chemical, and biological remediation techniques. Sources of contamination, including industrial activities, mining, and improper waste disposal, are discussed, alongside the environmental and health impacts of heavy metals like lead, cadmium, and mercury. Physical techniques such as soil washing and excavation effectively reduce contamination but generate secondary waste and incur high costs. Chemical methods, including soil stabilization and chemical leaching, immobilize or extract metals but may risk recontamination. Biological approaches like phytoremediation and bioremediation leverage natural processes for eco-friendly remediation, though they often require longer timescales for significant results. Emerging technologies, such as nanotechnology and biochar application, show promise for enhancing remediation efficacy. However, challenges remain, including economic constraints, regulatory inconsistencies, and the need for sustainable, long-term solutions. Future directions include integrating various remediation techniques, developing ecofriendly technologies, and emphasizing long-term monitoring to ensure the effectiveness of remediation efforts. This comprehensive overview aims to inform future research and policy development to address heavy metal contamination sustainably.

2024-11

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS (Issue : 11) (Volume : 7)

Visual Pollution: Causes, Health Impacts, And Mitigation Strategies for Enhancing Environmental Aesthetics and Public Well-Being–A Review

This review paper examines visual pollution, its causes, and impacts on human health and well-being,... See more

This review paper examines visual pollution, its causes, and impacts on human health and well-being, defined as unattractive and disruptive visual elements in the environment that degrade aesthetic quality. It explores sources such as billboards, litter, industrial structures, and poorly planned urban development. The paper discusses how rapid urbanization, industrialization, and excessive advertising exacerbate visual clutter, particularly in urban areas. The impacts of visual pollution on health are significant, including increased stress, anxiety, and diminished quality of life. Vulnerable populations, such as lower-income communities, children, and the elderly, face heightened risks due to greater exposure. The review highlights disparities in exposure and health outcomes, emphasizing that the cumulative effects of visual pollution and socio-economic disadvantages intensify its negative impact. The paper also evaluates strategies for mitigation, including urban planning measures like green spaces and zoning regulations, as well as regulatory approaches to manage outdoor advertising and waste. By addressing visual pollution through comprehensive planning and regulation, the paper aims to inform policies that enhance environmental aesthetics and improve public well-being.

2024-11

International Journal Of Trendy Research In Engineering And Technology (Issue : 1) (Volume : 9)

THE ROLE OF PARENTS IN FOSTERING ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP IN CHILDREN

The role of parents in fostering environmental stewardship in children is essential to addressing the... See more

The role of parents in fostering environmental stewardship in children is essential to addressing the pressing environmental challenges of the 21st century. Parents shape their children’s attitudes toward the environment through modeling behavior, communication, and engaging them in outdoor activities. Environmental Socialization Theory explains how children learn environmental values through family interactions, and parental behaviors such as recycling or conservation strongly influence children's pro-environmental actions. By encouraging outdoor play, discussing sustainability at home, and integrating environmental practices into daily routines, parents can help develop environmental responsibility in children. Additionally, family participation in community clean-ups and collaboration with schools enriches children's environmental education. However, challenges such as socioeconomic constraints, time limitations, and urban lifestyles may hinder parental engagement in fostering environmental values. Case studies of successful programs, such as family nature clubs and eco-parenting initiatives, illustrate how structured activities and family involvement can significantly enhance children's environmental awareness and behavior, preparing them to contribute to a sustainable future.

2024-11

Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology (Issue : 10) (Volume : 23)

Light Pollution and Its Effects on Human Health and the Environment: A Review

Light pollution, the presence of excessive or misdirected artificial light, has become a growing concern... See more

Light pollution, the presence of excessive or misdirected artificial light, has become a growing concern due to its adverse impacts on both human health and the environment. This review explores the multifaceted issue of light pollution, starting with an overview of its various forms sky glow, glare, and light trespass—and how urbanization and industrialization have exacerbated these problems. The review examines key sources of light pollution, including streetlights, commercial signage, and residential lighting, and discusses their contributions to environmental degradation and health issues. The environmental impacts of light pollution are significant, affecting nocturnal wildlife by disrupting natural behaviors and ecological interactions, and altering plant growth and reproduction. The review details how artificial light interferes with natural cycles, including circadian rhythms, and the resultant effects on animal and plant life. From a human health perspective, the review highlights how light pollution disrupts circadian rhythms, leading to sleep disorders, increased stress, and mood disorders. It addresses the psychological and cognitive effects of disrupted sleep, including impaired attention, memory, and executive function. Additionally, the review outlines the links between chronic light exposure and increased risks of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders. Mitigation strategies, including improved outdoor lighting design and public awareness initiatives, are discussed as essential measures to address light pollution. By providing a comprehensive analysis of the sources, effects, and potential solutions, this review underscores the urgent need for effective interventions to protect both human health and the natural environment from the detrimental effects of light pollution.

2024-10

Minerals (Issue : 10) (Volume : 14)

Evaluation of Deep Isolation Forest (DIF) Algorithm for Mineral Prospectivity Mapping of Polymetallic Deposits

Mineral prospectivity mapping (MPM) is crucial for efficient mineral exploration, where prospective zones are identified... See more

Mineral prospectivity mapping (MPM) is crucial for efficient mineral exploration, where prospective zones are identified in a cost-effective manner. This study focuses on generating prospectivity maps for hydrothermal polymetallic mineralization in the Feizabad area, in northeastern Iran, using unsupervised anomaly detection methods, i.e., isolation forest (IForest) and deep isolation forest (DIF) algorithms. As mineralization events are rare and complex, traditional approaches continue to encounter difficulties, despite advances in MPM. In this respect, unsupervised anomaly detection algorithms, which do not rely on ground truth samples, offer a suitable solution. Here, we compile geospatial datasets on the Feizabad area, which is known for its polymetallic mineralization showings. Fourteen evidence layers were created, based on the geology and mineralization characteristics of the area. Both the IForest and DIF algorithms were employed to identify areas with high mineralization potential. The DIF, which uses neural networks to handle non-linear relationships in high-dimensional data, outperformed the traditional decision tree-based IForest algorithm. The results, evaluated through a success rate curve, demonstrated that the DIF provided more accurate prospectivity maps, effectively capturing complex, non-linear relationships. This highlights the DIF algorithm’s suitability for MPM, offering significant advantages over the IForest algorithm. The present study concludes that the DIF algorithm, and similar unsupervised anomaly detection algorithms, are highly effective for MPM, making them valuable tools for both brownfield and greenfield exploration.

2024-10

International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies (Issue : 5) (Volume : 4)

Assessing the Impact of CO2 Emissions from Transport and Power on Health and Environment in Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

This study investigates the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions generated by transportation and power generation in... See more

This study investigates the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions generated by transportation and power generation in Duhok Governorate, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The research highlights the alarming levels of CO2 emissions resulting from the region's 270,315 vehicles and 1,814 private electric power generators, which consume approximately 1,500,000 liters of gasoline and 650,000 liters of diesel daily. These activities contribute to a total daily CO2 emission of 1,741,188 kg, amounting to over 626,827,680 kg annually. The findings reveal the significant environmental and public health threats posed by these emissions, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted mitigation strategies. Comparisons with other urban regions such as Cairo, Tehran, New Delhi, Lagos, and Nairobi reveal a similar pattern of high vehicular and generator-induced CO2 emissions, underscoring the global nature of this environmental challenge. The study underscores the importance of addressing CO2 emissions through improved regulations, modernized infrastructure, and sustainable energy practices to protect both the environment and public health.

2024-10

Journal of Materials Science Research and Reviews (Issue : 4) (Volume : 7)

Toxic Gases and Human Health: A Comprehensive Review of Sources, Health Effects, and Prevention Strategies

The likelihood of toxic gases occurring within a specific timeframe and location determines the likelihood... See more

The likelihood of toxic gases occurring within a specific timeframe and location determines the likelihood of the event. The aim of this study is to review the literature on the effects of hazardous gases on human health. Hazardous gas releases can tragically occur as a result of industrial accidents, natural disasters, or terrorist attacks in inhabited regions. The literature introduces several modeling methods and approaches to both prevent and assess the effects of these disasters. These tools are invaluable resources for risk managers evaluating the risks associated with vulnerable areas. Although risk assessments for toxic gas dispersion have significantly improved, they often do not account for people's movements and behavior during emergencies. To enhance the accuracy of risk assessments for disasters involving toxic gases, this study proposes a method that considers both gas dispersion modeling and evacuation dynamics. Identifying effective methods for reducing toxic gas pollution and its adverse effects on the environment and human health is crucial. Toxic gases can harm nearly every organ and system in the body. Additionally, we discuss various corrective measures to mitigate their toxicity.

2024-10

Applied Environmental Studies (Issue : 2) (Volume : 5)

The role of university students in protecting the environment

The global environmental crisis, characterized by challenges such as climate change, deforestation, pollution, and biodiversity... See more

The global environmental crisis, characterized by challenges such as climate change, deforestation, pollution, and biodiversity loss, requires urgent action. As an educated and socially aware demographic, university students are uniquely positioned to contribute significantly to environmental protection and sustainability. This paper explores the multifaceted role of university students in addressing environmental issues through education, advocacy, research, and sustainable campus initiatives. It highlights how student-led movements, such as Fridays for Future, have propelled environmental awareness into public discourse and influenced institutional and policy changes. Students' involvement in research and innovation, particularly in renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and waste management, has led to groundbreaking solutions to mitigate environmental degradation. On university campuses, students drive sustainability through initiatives to reduce waste, conserve energy, and promote biodiversity. Their advocacy extends beyond campuses to regional, national, and international platforms, where they actively shape environmental policies and push for ambitious climate action. Despite challenges such as limited funding and institutional resistance, university students continue to overcome barriers by leveraging academic resources and collaborating with external organizations. Ultimately, university students play a pivotal role in fostering long-term environmental stewardship and promoting sustainable development at both local and global levels.

2024-10

GSC Advanced Research and Reviews (Issue : 3) (Volume : 20)

Global warming: Causes, impacts and urgent strategies for a sustainable future: A review

Global warming is defined as a rise in Earth's average temperature. As the Earth gets... See more

Global warming is defined as a rise in Earth's average temperature. As the Earth gets warmer, disasters such as droughts, hurricanes, and floods are becoming increasingly common. Most scientists, engineers, and activists express deep concern about changes in the planet's overall climate. The average air temperature above the surface of the Earth has risen by just below 1 degree Celsius, or 1.3 degrees Fahrenheit, over the past 100 years. Deforestation exacerbates the severity of global warming. The ocean, which holds about 50 times more carbon than the atmosphere, is an enormous carbon sink. However, the seas are no longer able to store carbon as effectively as they have in the past. Burning fossil fuels such as natural gas, oil, coal, and gasoline increases atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, and carbon dioxide is a major contributor to the greenhouse effect and global warming. Climate change will increase the number of people who suffer from heatwaves, floods, hurricanes, and droughts, leading to higher rates of death, illness, and injury. The threat of global warming continues to cause severe damage to the Earth's environment. Many people still do not fully understand the implications of global warming or consider it a significant problem for the future. However, global warming is already happening, and some of its devastating consequences are already being felt. It significantly impacts biodiversity and disrupts ecological balance. Due to the dangerous effects of global warming, many strategies need to be established. The report discusses global warming, outlines its causes and risks, and proposes solutions to this urgent issue. Above all, it is crucial to seriously consider alternative energy sources (biomass, wind, hydro, geothermal, and solar). One of the key strategies to counter the ever-increasing global warming is the identification and use of renewable energy sources.

2024-09

GSC Advanced Research and Reviews (Issue : 2) (Volume : 20)

Salinity stress in plants: Growth, photosynthesis and adaptation review

Salinity is a significant abiotic stress that decreases plant growth and productivity in many parts... See more

Salinity is a significant abiotic stress that decreases plant growth and productivity in many parts of the world due to increased use of poor-quality water for irrigation and soil salinization. Salinity stress negatively impacts agricultural yields globally, affecting production for both subsistence and financial gain. Salt stress affects every aspect of crop growth, inhibiting plant growth and reducing the fresh and dry weight of roots, stems, and leaves. It also decreases leaf expansion and alters leaf morphology. Additionally, salt stress represses photosynthesis and disrupts plant ion homeostasis, leading to metabolic imbalances and oxidative stress. The adaptation or resistance of plants to salinity stress involves complex physiological features, metabolic pathways, and networks of molecules or genes. To develop salt-tolerant plant varieties for salt-affected areas, a comprehensive understanding of plant responses to salinity stress at various levels and an integrated approach combining molecular, physiological, and biochemical techniques are necessary. Recent research has identified many adaptive responses to salinity stress at genetic, cellular, metabolic, and physiological levels. However, the mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance are still not fully understood. In this review, we investigate the damage caused to plants by environmental salt stress and explore how plants tolerate this stress at the molecular level.

2024-08

Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries (Issue : 2) (Volume : 28)

Influence of Dietary Protein Content on Growth Performance, Feed Efficiency, Condition Factor, and Length-Weight Relationship in Cyprinus Carpio During the Summer Season

An investigation was carried out to explore the effect of dietary protein on growth, feed... See more

An investigation was carried out to explore the effect of dietary protein on growth, feed utilization efficiency, condition factor, and length-weight relationships in common carp (Cyprinus Carpio). 3600 C. carpio were sourced from a Mosul fish hatchery and transported to a private farm in Khanki township, where they were divided into four groups of 900 each. Following a day of acclimation, the fish were placed in 4× 4× 3m water culture ponds and fed diets with different protein concentrations (T1: 30%, T2: 28%, T3: 30%, and T4: 35%) for 90 days. From each group, twenty fish were selected for data collection. Results indicated that the growth parameters, such as daily weight gain, total weight gain, weight gain rate, relative growth rate, metabolic growth rate, and specific growth rate, were higher in fish fed a 28% protein diet (T1) compared to other protein concentrations (T1: 30%, T3: 26%, and T4: 35%). Nutrient utilization parameters, including daily feed consumption, total feed consumption, daily protein consumption, and total protein consumption, were elevated in fish fed with 35% protein (T3). T2 exhibited a significantly higher feed efficiency ratio and protein productive value compared to other diets. The feed conversion ratio was markedly decreased in fish fed a 28% protein diet (T2). Fulton condition factor and modified condition factor were significantly elevated (P< 0.05) with a 28% protein diet (T2), while the relative condition factor decreased. The length- weight relationships indicated isometric growth in T3 (26, 35%), allometric positive growth in T2 (28%), and negative growth in T1 (30%). In conclusion, the study highlighted the superior growth performance and nutrient utilization efficiency in common carp when fed a 28% protein diet (T2).

2024-04

World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences (Issue : 1) (Volume : 11)

Biomedical waste management and their effects on the Environment: A review

Biomedical waste has the potential to be hazardous and cause environmental pollution, therefore its proper... See more

Biomedical waste has the potential to be hazardous and cause environmental pollution, therefore its proper management and disposal, especially in hospitals and healthcare facilities, plays an important role in protecting both the environment and public health. Biomedical waste encompasses a diverse array of materials originating from patient care, research activities, and medical interventions, and inadequate handling poses significant hazards. Common disposal methods, such as incineration, have been associated with environmental contamination and the emission of harmful fumes. Biomedical waste poses health risks through the spread of infectious diseases, particularly via sharps injuries, and the release of toxic compounds into the environment. The hazardous category includes infectious, potentially hazardous, and radioactive waste, with around 10% of hospital waste deemed infectious according to the World Health Organization. Various disposal techniques, including burning, autoclaving, microwaving, shredding, landfilling, and chemical treatments, are employed globally, each with its own benefits and limitations. In this review, a classification of the various categories of biomedical waste and its effects, treatment and disposal methods are discussed. In summary, the substantial impact of biomedical waste on the environment and public health necessitates careful handling and adherence to regulations. The implementation of sustainable waste management practices, promotion of recycling, and adoption of innovative technologies are essential for mitigating the adverse effects of biomedical waste on the environment and local communities.

2024-02

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology (Issue : 1) (Volume : 16)

Health Status of Traffic Police in Duhok Governorate, Kurdistan Region- Iraq

Background: Since the working conditions have a significant impact on one's health. Because of their... See more

Background: Since the working conditions have a significant impact on one's health. Because of their line of work, traffic cops are continuously exposed to health risks all over the world. Aim: To assess the health status of traffic police in Duhok Governorate and common health issues that arise from their line of work.Methods: In the province of Duhok, a cross-sectional study was carried out between September and December of 2023. Using a non-probability convenient sampling technique. Interviews were conducted using a pretested questionnaire following informed consent. Data pertaining to the physical health profile and sociodemographic profile were gathered. Results: In all, 150 traffic police who were older than 25 were included in the study. Of the total population, 100% were men, and 49.333% had completed secondary school. Of the respondents, 45 (or 30%) had diabetes, 88 (or 58.667%) had hypertension, 12 (8%) had respiratory issues, 43 (or 28.667%) had headache issues, 68 (or 45.333%) complained of musculoskeletal pain, and 32 (or 21.333%) had eye issues. Of the traffic police, 79 (52.667%) were smokers. The majority of the study's sample, comprising 99 traffic cops with over 15 years of experience, and 92 traffic cops with over 6 hours of work, are included in the study. Conclusion: We came to the conclusion that the majority of police officers experience fatigue from their jobs and that these conditions are brought on by their jobs. The majority of police officers disregard physical examinations and do not wear any protective gear.

2024-02

GSC Advanced Research and Reviews (Issue : 18) (Volume : 1)

A review on techniques for the cleaning of wastewater

The review thoroughly examines current approaches to wastewater treatment, addressing the urgent worldwide issues of... See more

The review thoroughly examines current approaches to wastewater treatment, addressing the urgent worldwide issues of water contamination and shortage. Given that the majority of Earth's surface is covered by water, only a small portion of it is really appropriate for consumption. As a result, billions of people are at risk of experiencing water shortages on a yearly basis. The research examines several therapeutic strategies, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches, with a specific emphasis on their effectiveness, constraints, and current advancements. Adsorption and membrane technology are physical technologies that use developments in nano-sized materials to improve the removal of contaminants. Coagulation/flocculation procedures encounter difficulties in de-colorization and sludge generation, notwithstanding their effectiveness. Chemical techniques such as electrochemical and photo-electrochemical oxidation, Fenton's oxidation, and ozonation demonstrate sophisticated oxidation mechanisms that have the ability to break down pollutants. Nevertheless, the need for continuous improvement arises due to problems such as energy expenses and the generation of by-products. The use of microorganisms for the breakdown of organic colorants is a promising ecologically acceptable solution in the field of biology. Biofilm applications show potential in the treatment of sewage water, highlighting the capacity of microorganisms to adapt and their enzymatic activity. This review highlights the urgent need for ongoing research and technological advancements in order to address the global issue of water scarcity. It emphasizes the importance of incorporating sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment solutions into worldwide water management strategies, in order to ensure a resilient future.

2024-01

Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International (Issue : 1) (Volume : 28)

Water Contamination and Its Effects on Human Health: A Review

The study was done on the effect of water contamination on human health. The review... See more

The study was done on the effect of water contamination on human health. The review revealed a complex network of factors contributing to water contamination, including home sewage, industrial discharges, pesticides, plastics, and systemic management deficiencies. The study highlighted the widespread effects on human health, including skin disorders, serious illnesses like cancer and diarrheal infections, particularly affecting children. It emphasized the need for synchronized efforts to alleviate pollution sources, focusing on sustainable farming methodologies and responsible waste management. The study also explored advanced wastewater treatment techniques, highlighting the urgent need for their widespread use worldwide. However, the study acknowledged limitations, such as geographical scope and contamination origins. Recommendations included a comprehensive strategy involving sustainable behaviors, strict laws, and advanced treatment technology. The study emphasized the need for governments, companies, and communities to work together to implement strong legislation, improve infrastructure, and increase knowledge about water quality. Addressing these challenges requires a holistic approach, focusing on mitigating constraints through ongoing research, innovation, and international collaboration.

2024-01

World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews (Issue : 21) (Volume : 1)

Application of biodegradable plastic and their environmental impacts: A review

The increasing environmental concerns linked to the extensive use of traditional plastics have led to... See more

The increasing environmental concerns linked to the extensive use of traditional plastics have led to a rising interest in bioplastics, mostly because of their capacity to biodegrade and their reliance on organic materials. This study examines the harmful impacts of petroleum-derived plastics on the ecosystem, animals, and human health, highlighting the pressing requirement for sustainable alternatives. The enduring characteristics of plastics, together with their role in exacerbating global warming and emission of harmful gases when burned, highlight the urgency of discovering environmentally-friendly alternatives. The research promotes the use of biodegradable materials as a practical alternative, highlighting their ability to break down through the action of microorganisms without causing harm to the environment. In addition, the text discusses the constraints of recycling and highlights the importance of developing alternatives such as polylactide, polyhydroxyalkanoate, polyhydroxy butyrates, starch, and cellulose to reduce the negative environmental impact of conventional plastics. This work adds to the current discussion on shifting towards sustainable materials in order to address the growing problem of plastic pollution.

2024-01

GSC Advanced Research and Reviews (Issue : 17) (Volume : 4)

An investigation of heavy metals concentration in rainwater and their effects on human health in Kurdistan Region, Iraq

One possible source of fresh water is rainfall. Nonetheless, the natural composition of rainwater may... See more

One possible source of fresh water is rainfall. Nonetheless, the natural composition of rainwater may change due to air pollution in any areas. The Kwashe and Gara in the Duhok Governorate, in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, was selected as the study areas. Heavy metals concentration of rainwater was investigated. Seven samples were taken during rainy January and February 2023 for this investigation, and a statistical analysis was carried out to identify the factors influencing the quality of the rainwater. The concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd, Mn, Cu, Fe, and Co) were measured with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and compared to WHO standards. The purpose of the study was to compare the heavy metal content of study area rainwater to WHO standards in order to determine the effects of these metals on community members' individual health as well as the environment. The heavy metal concentrations dropped in the following order:(Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd, Mn, Cu, Fe, and Co in Kwashe and Zn> Ni> Cu> Pb> Cr> Fe> Mn> Cd> Co in Gara). The following heavy metals are within the WHO's permissible limit: Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Co; the others exceeded it. The results indicate that the rainwater sources in the study areas are unsafe and unfit for human consumption. Because of this, rainwater from research areas needs to be treated before drinking in order to prevent Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cr-related health problems.

2023-11

International Journal of Research in Environmental Science (IJRES) (Issue : 3) (Volume : 9)

Statistical Analysis of Rainfall Variations in Duhok City and Semel District, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Data on rainfall are a crucial meteorological input for planning and management studies of water... See more

Data on rainfall are a crucial meteorological input for planning and management studies of water resources as well as agricultural modeling systems. Environmental conditions, particularly rainfall and water availability, have a significant impact on crop choice and agricultural production output. The influence of climate variables, such as rainfall, is so strong in Kurdistan that overall agricultural productions are now in danger. In this study, rainfall data of 48 years (1974 to 2022) were used to determine variation in rainfall in Duhok city and Semel district in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Annually rainfall amount data of forty-eight years (1974- 2022) was obtained from the Directorate of Agriculture (Duhok and Semele). An analysis of rainfall variations in the Duhok city and Semel district shows that 1974-1975 (158 and135mm, respectively) recorded the least average rainfall across the study area and over the years while the highest average rainfall was recorded in 2018-2019 (1199.3, 991mm, respectively). Although in 2007-2008 recorded the second least average rainfall (216 and 141.6mm, respectively), and the second highest rainfall in Semel district is in 1988- 1989, but in Duhok city is in (1987-1988) over the study period. Non availability of rainfall data for 1990 year in Semel was a major limitation to this study; because in this year the uprising began and people migrated abroad. Similarly, trend analysis shows that there are increasing (+ve), decreasing (-ve) and somewhat constant trends for the different years. Statistical measures (mean, median, maximum, minimum, standard deviation, variance, skewness, kurtosis and coefficient of variation, etc.) have been used. The analysis of rainfall variations from the study area shows that Duhok city and Semel district recorded the average annual rainfall amount of (533.7 and 437.18mm) over the years. The results indicated that for the annual rainfall, median, maximum, minimum, standard deviation, variance, skewness, kurtosis, coefficient of variation and correlation coefficients was found as (540.8, 463.7mm), (1199.3, 991mm), (158, 135mm), (207.1, 169.95mm), (42871.4, 28884.49mm), (0.6596, 0.419mm), (1.009, 1.282mm), (38.79, 38.88%), and (0.715) respectively during the study period. A reliable indicator of climate trends can be found in the temporal fluctuation of rainfall. In addition, these rainfall variations are used in many engineering aspects, including design of massive civil engineering structures like dams, design of water supply networks, it greatly contributes in water resources system planning and management, etc. Furthermore, the rainfall variations are not only important in engineering aspects but also heavily in agriculture. Therefore, this research paper presents an analysis of temporal variation of rainfall in Semel, Kurdistan Region. Initial results show some interesting trends in rainfall over a period of 48 years.

2023-08

Environmental Science Archives (Issue : 2) (Volume : 2)

A Comparative Investigation of Rain Water Quality Parameters Between Natural and Industrial Areas in Duhok Governorate, Kurdistan Region-Iraq

Even though rainfall is thought of as a source that is free from contamination, human... See more

Even though rainfall is thought of as a source that is free from contamination, human activities, especially those in the industrial and agricultural sectors, contaminate this clean kind of water. This study was conducted in two regions (Kwashe industrial area and Gara natural area) for the evaluation of rain water quality and indirectly the comparison between the evaluation of air pollution load created in both areas in Duhok governorate, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. For this investigation, seven samples of each area were collected in the months of January and February 2023 during rainfall and they were compared. After data collection, a statistical analysis was carried out to determine the variables that affected rainwater quality. According to the current study, the first rain's water quality was significantly worse than the second rain's due to pollution. It was determined that there was a substantial difference between the first and second rain, favoring increased air pollution in the industrial region. The variation in pollutant concentrations of rainfall provides a general idea of the area's air pollution load. The outcomes of the quality evaluation program largely agreed with those found by a number of other researchers. The findings of the rainwater quality test show that pH values were lower in the Kwashe area and that some values throughout the research period exceeded the WHO-recommended limits for transportable. The results of the quality analyses indicate that it is not recommended to drink rainwater that has not been treated when it falls directly on an industrial area since it poses a health risk. The most samples of rainwater that were taken at the …

2023-07

International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM) (Issue : 3) (Volume : 5)

Community Perception of Odour Pollution and it is Impact on Surrounding Area: A Case Study in Kwashe Industrial Area, Kurdistan Region-Iraq

Background: Odour is an important factor in assessing the quality of life in any area... See more

Background: Odour is an important factor in assessing the quality of life in any area and cities. Odour pollution from industrial area is one of the contaminants that affects human environment and negatively impacts human health and social wellbeing. Further, the spread of Odours in the neighborhoods around industrial regions can exacerbate social unrest and lead to public complaints about the quality of the air. Objective: To conduct and gather a community perception of Odour pollution caused by industrial sources and the health status of those population living near and around the source. Methods: The searches were conducted in March, June, September in 2022 and January and February in 2023. Data were collected by means of questionnaires at 10 sites near and around the industrial area. This study analyses comments from the people living within 1 to 15 km radius around an industrial area to gauge and determine how they perceive and experience being impacted by smell pollution. In order to ascertain the impact of industrial area Odour on social, health, and comfort levels, one aspect of the study comprised a perception survey. The disagreeable Odours' magnitude, persistence, and intensity were controlled by the other component. Results: From this study, 140 people responded. The results demonstrated that the strong disagreeable smell was normally experienced in summer. The findings also demonstrated that the industrial area smell had caused daily discomfort and continuously. Because the respondents experience a variety of unpleasant Odours that negatively affect their perception of their quality of life, the data from the research allow us to state that certain smells are so oppressive that they may force the need to leave the place of living. Conclusions: Results highlight the significance of smell pollution for the population living near and surrounding industrial odour sources in terms of public health. The limited evidence for the majority of results supports the need for high quality epidemiological researches on the relationship between odour pollution and its effects on human health. In conclusion, the analysis of the smell impact demonstrates a substantial effect on the residents of the area under study. The impact might be felt up to 15 kilometers away, especially in the closest area. Recommendations: It is essential that the relevant authorities conduct mitigation measures, and these pollutants must be thus controlled and regulated. While formulating legislation or making choices concerning industrial regions that also provide environmental preservation, policymakers should take public perception into account.

2023-03

Environmental Science Archives (Issue : 2) (Volume : 2)

Assessment of Ground Water Pollution by Heavy Metals in Some Residential Areas in Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Groundwater is a precious resource, and the life of humans depends on its quality. Public... See more

Groundwater is a precious resource, and the life of humans depends on its quality. Public health is extremely concerned about the contamination of groundwater with heavy metals that come from either anthropogenic or naturally occurring soil sources since it can have detrimental impacts on both plant and animal life. The main objective of the present study was to determine and assess the concentration of heavy metal contamination in groundwater and to understand potential sources of contamination. Heavy metals such as Zn, Cu, Pb, Mn, Fe, and Cd are examined. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) testing was done on groundwater samples that were taken from 10 wells in the study area. In groundwater samples, physical factors, including Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and metals like Cd and Pb were found to be over the allowed levels advised by international standards. The analysis revealed that the levels of Cd and Pb in the groundwater samples exceeded those recommended by the World Health Organization, Environment Production Agency and Iraqi standards. According to the findings, the maximum concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe were, respectively, 0.693, 0.42, 0.402, 0.0851, 0.068, and 0.04 mg/L. The groundwater samples from the research area demonstrated levels of the heavy metals in the following order: Cd> Pb> Zn> Cu> Mn> Fe. It was concluded that two heavy metals, cadmium and lead, and the percolation of dissolved salts were to blame for the groundwater's declining quality. Due to elevated amounts of harmful metals, the community's groundwater is therefore dangerous for drinking in some areas. It was recommended that either chemical precipitation, ion exchange, or reverse osmosis be used on a regular basis to treat the heavy metal concentration in groundwater sources.

2023-02

Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Gongxueban)/Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition) (Issue : 01) (Volume : 43)

POTENTIAL OF LOCAL PLANTS AS PHYTOREMEDIATOR OF POLLUTED SOIL IN KWASHE INDUSTRIAL AREA DUHOK PROVINCE, KURDISTAN REGION/IRAQ

Nine common wild herbs species which are Cynodon dactylon, Silbyum mariaunum, Xanthium strumarium, Juncus effuses,... See more

Nine common wild herbs species which are Cynodon dactylon, Silbyum mariaunum, Xanthium strumarium, Juncus effuses, Centaurea iberica, Echinops ritro, Onopordum acanthium, Akkoub gundelia, and Papyrus reeds were screened to estimate their potential ability as phytoremediator to remove heavy metal from the soil polluted by Kwashe landfill leachate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Results revealed that the Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) is more efficient than Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) in determining the ability of herbal plants for phytoremediation. The statistical significance (P≤ 0.05) of Chromium (Cr) bioaccumulation factor indicate that all herbal plants are efficient and comes in this rank Onopordum acanthium >Echinops ritro > Juncus effuses ≥ Centaurea iberica ≥ Akkoub gundelia = Papyrus reeds = Cynodon dactylon > Xanthium strumarium. While Silybum marianum is found to be not efficient in bioaccumulation of Cr. Also, all studied herbs in this study are active in bioaccumulation of Nickel (Ni) significantly (P≤ 0.05) in this rank Onopordum acanthium = Echinops ritro Centaurea iberica = Akkoub gundelia = Papyrus reeds ≥ Juncus effuses = Xanthium strumarium = Cynodon dactylon = Silybum marianum. Also, all studied herbs in this study are active in bioaccumulation of Cupper (Cu) significantly (P≤ 0.05) in this rank Onopordum acanthium = Echinops ritro ≥ Centaurea iberica ≥ Xanthium strumarium= Silybum marianum > Papyrus reeds = Akkoub gundelia > Juncus effuses ≥ Cynodon dactylon. Not all studied herbs in this study are active in bioaccumulation of Iron (Fe) significantly (P≤ 0.05) in this rank Onopordum acanthium =Echinops ritro > Juncus effuses = Centaurea iberica = Akkoub gundelia. However, Xanthium strumarium and Papyrus reeds recorded 0.97 and 0.95 BAF respectively. While, Silybum marianum and Cynodon dactylon are not effective in phytoremediation of Iron. All wild herbal plants are efficient in translocation of heavy metals from roots to shoots, as the translocation factor is not exceeded one in most cases, except Cynodon dactylon and Xanthium strumarium are not effective in translocating cadmium from roots to shoots.

2023-01

AIP Conference Proceedings (Issue : 1) (Volume : 2660)

Improving physicochemical properties of municipal solid waste landfill leachate by aeration and filtration in Kwashe industrial area in Iraqi Kurdistan Region

Raw samples of Kwashe open dump sites in the Iraqi Kurdistan region were taken and... See more

Raw samples of Kwashe open dump sites in the Iraqi Kurdistan region were taken and treated by aeration and filtration methods and 16 physicochemical properties of leachate were determined after and before treatments. Result indicates the efficiency of aeration and filtration in improving these physicochemical characteristics to extend limits. Sodium adsorption ratio and electrical conductivity are reduced by -%19.5 and -53.5%, respectively, but the leachate remained salty as organic waste of Duhok city contain huge amounts of edible salts. Result also revealed that the content of treated leachate of macronutrients like phosphorous, potassium, calcium and magnesium is sufficient for better crops production if it diluted with normal irrigation water and its EC is further reduced. The efficiency of aeration and filtration in reducing nutrients in leachate were in this rank Cl -18%>Ca-15%>Na-11% >Li-10.5% >Ba-9.8%> Mg-8.3% >K-7%> P-5.6% >S-5.2%.TDS and TSS respond to the aeration and filtration better than nutrients and reduced -47% and -45% resistively, but remained slightly over permissible limits of treated leachate. BOD and COD the most critical leachate properties were reduced by treatments -19.7% and -32% respectively, and further advance treatments is required to bring them to allowable ranges of treated leachate.

2022-11

Eurasian Chemical Communications (Issue : 10) (Volume : 4)

Impacts of greenhouse gas emissions on ambient air quality in kwashe municipal solid waste landfill in Kurdistan region, Iraq

The aim of this study is to estimate the evolution of some greenhouse emissions from... See more

The aim of this study is to estimate the evolution of some greenhouse emissions from Kwashe municipal solid waste landfill in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The emission of gasses as CH4, CO2, CO, O2, O3, and H2S from the landfills in three sites was measured by the Drager multi-gas detector X-am 5600. The formation of CH4 inside the landfill body is spatial according to the load of the buried organic waste, the degree of organic waste moisture content, the spatial pH, and temperature within the landfill body, and further found to be higher thousands fold over its over save ranges in the third site. The liberation of CO2 is greater than its normal background in the atmosphere as 0.03% in three sites, especially in the third site to reach its risk level and at least hundred times greater than the normal ranges of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. These reflect the high load of organic waste greater than the half and most of decomposition is carried by aerobic respiration. CO level in site 3 recorded the highest values in the first week and remained over the normal range till the end of investigation. The ozone formation ranges between 0.01 to 0.05 ppm and there is a parent difference between the sites. The highest emissions of H2S were noticed in site 3 and the peak was recorded in the first week of observation at 5 ppm. Then, the liberation continued after 4 weeks to 8 weeks, indicating that the load of wet organic waste deposition is concentrated on site 3.

2022-06

Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences (Issue : 1) (Volume : 5)

Primary Treatment of Landfill Leachate Effects on Heavy Metal and Soil Chemical Properties in Kwashe Industrial Area in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Leachate is a major problem created from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills and is considered... See more

Leachate is a major problem created from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills and is considered the worst source of surface water and groundwater pollution. Kwashe industrial area as one of the most fast developing and polluted industrial area in Kurdistan region with many factories has a large solid waste separation factory that receives approximately 900 tons of municipal solid waste, out of which about 50% is organic kitchen waste. Samples of leachate were randomly collected from different sites downward drain of landfill and treated by aeration and filtration processes over a month. The results revealed that the soil was affected highly by soluble salts like Na and K from landfill; consequently, the electrical conductivity was 6.37(ds/m), 6 folds greater than the acceptable ranges. The primary treatment of landfill leachate by aeration and filtration reduced all heavy metals to acceptable ranges except Fe and Al, which remained relatively high over allowable ranges because the behavior and reaction of heavy metals in leachates is complicated as many acids are formed during the acidogensis of organic waste biodegradation that increases the solubility of these cationic heavy metals. The extractable forms of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sodium, and lithium are within acceptable ranges, which indicated not being enough to cause a threat in deteriorating soil and environmental chemistry. The results also showed that there was a close correlation between landfill leachate content of heavy metals and soil content affected by this leachate of Zn, Fe, Cu, Al, and Co at (P ≤ 0.01), but the soil downward landfill leachate fortunately did not reach the hazardous limits of their content in heavy metals and also did not exceed the standard ranges in soil.

2021-10

Association of Cell Biology Romania (Issue : 03) (Volume : 25)

Effect of Carbon Dioxide Emitted from Private Electric Generators on Health and the Environment in the Duhok Governorate/ Kurdistan Region of Iraq

This field study relied on collecting data related to the actual number of working hours... See more

This field study relied on collecting data related to the actual number of working hours of the power generating stations and their requirements from the fuel and the amount of the carbon dioxide emitted from these power plants because of burning diesel that contaminates our environment. The study showed that the Kurdistan region of Iraq and the province of Duhok suffer from the phenomenon of electricity power cuts in the government every day, to meet citizens’ needs for this power outage, civil power generators work side by side with state power transmission stations. Because of this process, which has been ongoing for over ten years, the size of air pollution with a continuous increase in carbon dioxide emissions, which lead to the removal of oxygen gas in the atmosphere because of emissions of carbon dioxide caused by the operation of the huge number of these generators, which accounted to be (1814) generators, which operate on fossil fuels (Diesel) and produce energy (373,818 kW/hour). The total capacity of the minimum production of energy per generator for a daily working is (8) hours, Where the amount of production or emission of carbon dioxide from these generators is (1,247,595.6) kg / hour. Besides the amount of thermal pollution caused by the cooling of these generators cold water, which cause pollution of aquatic ecosystem because of the installation of some of these generators on the shores of the river or some water tables in some districts and villages of the province which adversely affect the living organisms that live in those watersheds. These generators are a common source of noise pollution which bring disturbance to citizens living near some of these generators. Besides the other pollution caused by these generators, namely the visual pollution resulting from the supply of unplanned, random electric wiring and linking it to the homes of citizens, which affects the psychological comfort while looking at such beautiful scenery. All these types of pollution negatively influence health and the environment.

2021-04

Linguistica Antverpiensia (Issue : 1) (Volume : 2020)

Noise pollution during the election in Duhok city/ Kurdistan region of Iraq

Now the election is inescapable in our community. Today elections increase social and environmental troubles... See more

Now the election is inescapable in our community. Today elections increase social and environmental troubles such as noise pollution, water pollution, air and soil pollution, health hazard and inimical socioeconomic impact. During the election days, Duhok city is exposed to a high levels of noise pollution coming from private cars, public transports, trumpeting, drumming, shriek, pyrotechnics, etc. It is well-known noise pollution as one pollutant sources that could affect the quality of life across the globe.In this work we have monitored the noise levels in different places of Duhok town. Using a DigitalSound Level Meter (model SL-200), we made a preliminary assessment of noise levels per election, and the data were compared with post-election days.The data were collected during the period (10th Augst to 10th October 2018) from (08.00am to 12.00pm) at 12 different sites within Duhok city.In most areas, the noise was ranging between 60 to 65 dB with an average of 66.03 dB in the mornings, 71.9 dB in the afternoon and 80.29 dB in the evening during the election period while 63.8, 65.98 and 72.2 dB, 63.55,66.73 and 74.47 dB were average levels in the morning, afternoon and evening of pre and post elections, respectively. The lowest values of noise were recorded at evenings and it was as follows, 58.5 dB at site 3 in pre-election, 61.3 dB at site 3 in election and 60.6 dB at site 2 at the post-election.This study may help to publicize awareness about noise pollution among the people, by which they will be capable to take required precautionary measures to salvage themselves from the adverse effects of noise pollution and to enhance the quality of the environment.

2020-12

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND LIFE SCIENCES (Issue : 01) (Volume : 6)

Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters of Spring Water Sources in Amediye District, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Nowadays, the growing population is demanding freshwater resources, and the availability of water influence the... See more

Nowadays, the growing population is demanding freshwater resources, and the availability of water influence the population distribution and its activities. Groundwater sources such as springs and wells are the major source of water for drinking, agricultural, and industrial consumptions. However, water resources are always exposed to industrial, agricultural, and residential pollutions. In the current study, water samples were collected from twenty-two springs sources from February to October 2017 in Amadiya districts, in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The physicochemical characteristics including temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), calcium hardness (Ca2), magnesium hardness (Mg2), turbidity (NTU), total alkalinity (TA), and nitrate (NO3 -) of the samples were analyzed. The findings showed that most of the water samples were within the permissible limits for drinking usage according to WHO (World Health Organization) standards, while few samples were without the permissible level for TDS and EC. Also, higher concentrations of TDS and EC reported for some samples attributed to agricultural and residential contamination, which require water treatment for drinking purposes. The statistical analysis illustrated an acceptable correlation between analysis.

2020-01

International Journal of Current Advanced Research (Issue : 01) (Volume : 8)

REPERCUSSION OF VISUAL POLLUTION AND ITS EFFECTS ON SOME PEOPLE IN DUHOK GOVERNORATE/ IRAQ

In spite of the scientific development and the continuous technological progress in all different fields,... See more

In spite of the scientific development and the continuous technological progress in all different fields, the economic prosperity in many societies has increased. But at the same time has negatively affected health and the environment as a whole due to different cases of pollution that raised from caused by industrial progress, and visual pollution is one of those types of pollution, and therefore must be seriously taken into consideration. So visual pollution is an aesthetic issue referring to the impacts of pollution that impair one’s ability to enjoy a vista or view. The term of visual pollution is also given to unattractive and man made visual elements of vista, a landscape or any other things that make a person not to feel comfortable to look at. The purpose of this study was to identify repercussion of visual pollution and its influenceon public psychological health of some people in Duhok Centre and suburbs and also Zakho-Duhok Road. The results showed us from this study after presenting a group of photographs related to some cases of visual pollution on 500 people from of different age consisted of group of females and males during nine months from August 2017 to May 2018 from the Centre of Duhok and its Suburbs and the road linking the City of Zakho and Duhok that there was a discrepancy in the cases of Psychological discomfort for those people who were questioned resulting from looking at that image related to visual pollution and lead to the occurrence of some cases of Psychological illnesses. The good planning and managing is neglected by Government adding the lack of awareness about reducing the visual pollution and other types of pollution on a daily basis and working in harmony with a clean environment through activating and enforcing environmental protection laws.

2019-01

International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences (Issue : 1) (Volume : 5)

Assessments case of medical waste management in hospitals in Iraq

This study describes the evaluation case of medical waste management in the largest hospital in... See more

This study describes the evaluation case of medical waste management in the largest hospital in terms of the number of sections and the number of patients and visitors to Shaabaniya and Bidar Hospital in Zakho city , Iraq's Kurdistan region .Found through this study the number of the patients referred to hospital for the various tests of males and females in different ages is about (706958 patients)and the number of the patients who remained is about( 32926) which lasted for two years as of (15/06/2015- 30/05/2017 ). Addition to the number of varies surgical operation in the hospital of Shaabaniya is about (12801) operation during the same years (2015-2017), this lead to increases the amount of hazardous medical waste was reported at the above mentioned clinics respectively is about (27250Kg), (5711 Kg). The aim of this study is to activation the role of medical waste in the separation, collection, storage, transport, and treatment of these wastes. And reduce the rate of medical waste generation, both in terms of quantity and quality, by developing the technology used, adopting clean technology, and selecting substitutes or primary materials that are less invasive of the environment and public health. But the result of study show the existence of administrative practices of improper disposal of medical waste in terms of the separation of hazardous and non-medical waste operations and this is due to the negligence and carelessness in the instructions issued by the authorities of administrative supervising the application of the collection, separation, transport and storage of the waste temporarily inside hospital pending transfer to operations final treatment with municipal waste. In addition to the lack of environmental awareness among workers in the field of hygiene and lack of provision of required equipment for personal protection and the lack of a program or plans to train workers in hygiene and how to deal with the medical waste and Prevention , Note that the continuous production of waste per day throughout the year, so it is necessary to work hard to improve the administration consistently and effectively and to work hard to provide the infrastructure necessary for the success of the administrative process required.

2018-01

International Journal of Current Research (Issue : 10) (Volume : 8)

EFFECTIVENESS OF CHLORINE TREATMENT ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER SUPPLIES FOR ZAKHO CITY/KURDISTAN OF IRAQ

The present work was undertaken to investigate the drinking water quality of Zakho city after... See more

The present work was undertaken to investigate the drinking water quality of Zakho city after adding chlorine (as an efficient disinfectant), and assess the water quality of Little Khabur River (before adding chlorine). Also a systematic study has been carried out to assess the water quality of Zakho city after distribution (at the consumer tap). Water was analyzed during rainy season for 2014 and during all seasons of 2015 to determine its quality using standard methods. The aim was to find how the addition of chlorine could affect the physical and chemical properties of water for Zakho city. Quantification of chlorine residual, pH, turbidity, etc. was performed. Each physico-chemical parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, COD, BOD, total alkalinity, hardness, turbidity, etc.) was compared with the standard desirable limit of that parameter in river water (or drinking water) as prescribed by WHO. pH generally ranged from 7.02 to 7.30; conductivity fluctuated from 359 to 374 μS/cm; turbidity varied from 0.34 to 2.79 NTU; and TDS values were found to be ranging between 180 and 187 mg/l. Chlorine normally added to public water supplies to kill disease causing bacteria that the water or its transport pipes might contain. The value of total chlorine was found to be 0.86 to1.7 mg/l.

2016-10

International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences (Issue : 8) (Volume : 3)

Screening and analysis of water quality of Zea River in Kurdistan region, Iraq

The present investigation deals with the physico-chemical analysis of Zea River which passes through the... See more

The present investigation deals with the physico-chemical analysis of Zea River which passes through the Deralok City, an agricultural town of Duhok province. The objective of the study was to provide baseline information on its physical and chemical characteristics as well as evaluate its water quality. Water samples were collected during dry and wet seasons from seven stations and analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters. Assessment of temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, total alkalinity, turbidity, chloride, hardness, dissolved oxygen, calcium, Sulphate, total dissolved solids (TDS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Electrical Conductivity were carried out monthly during November, 2014 to June, 2015. Results showed significant alterations in the physicochemical parameters. The analyzed data of water body was interpreted in relation to pollution status and biodiversity indices for assessment of aquatic fauna. Atmospheric temperature ranged from 2.12 to 45.25 (ºC). Water temperature ranged from 10.71 to 16.01 (ºC). pH ranged from 7.27 to 8.73, dissolved oxygen from 7.53 to 9.01 (mg/l), electrical conductivity from 316 to 398 (μS/cm), total dissolved solids from 202 to 255 (mg/l), turbidity from 86 to 92 (NTU), total hardness from 206 to 216 (mg/l), total alkalinity from 58 to 76 (mg/l) and total acidity (53–83 mg l-1), BOD (2.7–3.7 mg l-1), COD (1.7–2.1 mg l-1). Results show that there is no serious problem regarding the parameters checked in this study. So, the water can be used as drinking water for Deralok city and another city without any serious problem. The results suggest that refuse disposal, fertilizer use, and natural phenomena e.g. soil erosion; flooding, etc. may have contributed in various ways to the impairment of the water quality of the studied sites. Although the results do not indicate adverse pollution status of any of the sites, they provided the need for further investigations and monitoring. The water from the river which is called Zea, travels from turkey to Kurdistan in a small city called Deralok it also goes through the middle of the city. This separates the city into 2 pieces. From Deralok the river goes through many villages and woods then it joins with another river called the blue (shin) river. Also the Zae River is 75km far away from the province of Duhok.

2016-08

Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal (Issue : 3) (Volume : 1)

Assessment of Wastewater in Duhok Valley, Kurdistan Region/Iraq

In order to characterize the waste water in Duhok valley in Duhok governorate, during 25km,... See more

In order to characterize the waste water in Duhok valley in Duhok governorate, during 25km, seven sites were selected in Duhok valley, to represent their water quality. Monthly samples were collected from the Duhok valley for the period from, April to September, 2015. The qualitative study of Duhok valley water tested, as considered one of the main sources of water pollution for Musol Lake. The physical and chemical test for water samples are taken from different locations in Duhok valley. To know the degree of pollution, and the impact of self-purification processes to improve water quality before arriving to the Mosul Lake, and the indicated results of the study a lack of dissolved oxygen in the water (DO). And high organic load values, (BOD) and most of the bad qualities during water passage within the city of Duhok, while meat a significant improvement in the quality of water downstream before arriving at the dam Lake, is attributed to the effect of operations of self- purification ability of water. In spite of salinity problems and toxicity, the quality of water is suitable for irrigation crops on both sides of the valley .The all samples were tested for conductivity, TDS, pH, total hardness, chloride, alkalinity, sulfate, BOD, and phosphate, according to the standard methods.

2016-08

International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences (Issue : 3) (Volume : 3)

Investigation of food quality assurance in Kurdistan region/Iraq

Nowadays, people are more concerned about the environment. Environmental protection laws have become more stringent.... See more

Nowadays, people are more concerned about the environment. Environmental protection laws have become more stringent. Hence, employing environmental friendly methods in the food industry has become necessary. Food Quality Assurance (FQA) plays an important role in all this. Food being an important element of life, the regulatory agencies has also put in place stringent requirements for its safety and quality. With the development in technology, various methods for food processing have emerged. Also Quality monitoring and guarantee ensures that the chemicals are within the specified limits in any food product. The research has been conducted at Directorate of Ibrahim Khalil border (IKB) between Iraq and Turkey. Quality Control (QC) at IKB has been regularly monitored and facilitated the export and import of food stuff across the border through Food Quarantine Laboratories (QL) and Food inspection Unit. This research conducted in order to have an idea about import inspection, monitoring program, and certification and import permission, as well as to ensure the safety and quality of food supply in the markets of Iraq.

2016-03

ئەز Najmaldin Ezaldin Hassan

Assistant professor

Assistant professor

Specialties

زانیاری گشتی

ژمارەی ناسنامە

کۆلێژ

بەش

نەتەوە

0

62

2

60

1

0

17

0

Education

PhD in Ecology and Pollution

2022

Assist Prof. in Ecology and Pollution

2022

M.Sc. in Environmental sciences

2013

Diploma in mass media

2013

B.sc. in Forestry

2006

بەستەرەکانی سۆشیاڵ و لێكۆڵینەوە

Membership

2024

2024-01-18,current

Department of Civil and Environment Engineering

2014

2014-10-23,current

Staff of Dept. of Environment, Faculty of science, University of Zakho, Kurdistan.

2010

2010-10-17,current

Kurdistan Journalists syndicate

2008

2008-06-01,current

Zakho cultural center

2006

2006-07-03,current

Syndicate of agricultural engineers

Academic Title

Assistant professor

Lecturer

Assitant Lecturer

Published Journal Articles

Scientific Reports (Issue : 1) (Volume : 15)

Amine functionalized reduced graphene oxide decorated with BiOI and Ag3PO4 as a Novel Visible Light catalyst against RhB

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (Volume : 303)

MXene-nanoparticles foliar application improves wheat morpho-physiological and biochemical traits under cadmium (Cd2+) stress: A novel sustainable approach

Aswan University Journal of Environmental Studies (Issue : 3) (Volume : 6)

Impacts of Noise Pollution on Physiological Parameters of High School Students in Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Journal of Scientific Development for Studies and Research (JSD) (Issue : 23) (Volume : 6)

Assessment of Heavy Metal and Physical-chemical Contamination in Roadside Soils along Duhok to Zakho highway, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Innovative Environmental Engineering Solutions (Issue : 1) (Volume : 1)

Green Synthesis of AgNPs for Groundwater Remediation: Characterization and Heavy Metal Removal Performance

Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences (Issue : 2) (Volume : 7)

Assessing Health Risk Mitigation Efficiency of the Halabja Water Treatment Plant in Drinking Water Purification

Materials Engineering and Technologies (Issue : 1) (Volume : 1)

Synthesis and Characterization of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Using Vernonia anthelmintica Extract and Their Biological Activities

Scientific Reports (Issue : 1) (Volume : 15)

Combine effects of Broussonetia papyrifera-derived biochar and selenium nanoparticles for lead-polluted saline soils remediation during barley cultivation

Materials Engineering and Technologies (Issue : 1) (Volume : 1)

Synthesis and Characterization of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Using Vernonia anthelmintica Extract and Their Biological Activities

Scientific Reports (Issue : 15) (Volume : 15)

Associations between essential trace elements and sleep quality in Iranian adults based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index

Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal

Heavy Metal Contamination Along the Duhok-Zakho Highway Soils: Spatial analysis, Risks, and Ecological Implications

Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies (Volume : 59)

Enhancing the prediction of groundwater quality index in semi-arid regions using a novel ANN-based hybrid arctic puffin-hippopotamus optimization model

Ecology and Evolution (Issue : 5) (Volume : 15)

Future of Three Endemic Woody Species of Colutea (Fabaceae) in a Changing Climate in Iran

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (Issue : 8) (Volume : 236)

Effect of MXenes, nZVI and Acacia-wood Biochar Treatments on Bioavailability Pb and Fractions in Calcareous-polluted Soils

Scientific Reports (Issue : 15) (Volume : 15)

Serum levels of trace elements in diabetic pregnant women and their relationship with growth indicators in newborns