About Me 1

Education

PhD Behavior and Ecology

University of Zakho لە University of Zakho

2024

MSc Animal Welfare and Conservation

Writtle University College لە Writtle University College

2015

BSc Animal Production

University of Duhok لە University of Duhok

2011

Membership

2020

2020-05-01,current

Reviewer

Acta Scientiarum - Animal Sciences

2012

2012-02-03,current

Member

Agricultural Engineering Syndicate

Awards

Thanks-giving letter/ Edupreneuership

2019-07

UOZ

Pedagogy training course

2019

Published Journal Articles

Science Journal of University of Zakho (Issue : 4) (Volume : 13)

DIETARY TURMERIC (Curcuma longa) ENHANCES GROWTH, ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE, AND IMMUNITY IN Cirrhinus mrigala

Aquaculture is pivotal in addressing global food security, yet intensive practices compromise fish health and... See more

Aquaculture is pivotal in addressing global food security, yet intensive practices compromise fish health and productivity. This study investigated the efficacy of dietary turmeric (Curcuma longa) supplementation as a natural alternative in Cirrhinus mrigala, a species critical to South Asian aquaculture. A 60-day feeding trial evaluated four diets: control (0% turmeric), 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% turmeric inclusion. Results demonstrated that 1.0% turmeric significantly enhanced growth performance, with a 28% increase in final body weight (19.6 ± 1.4 g vs. 15.7 ± 1.1 g in control; p< 0.01) and improved feed conversion ratio (1.4 ± 0.2 vs. 1.7 ± 0.2; p= 0.004). Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GPx) increased by 34–53%, while lipid peroxidation (MDA) decreased by 29% (p = 0.001), indicating robust oxidative stress mitigation. Immunological assays revealed a 65% rise in lysozyme activity and 70% higher phagocytic capacity (p< 0.01), underscoring turmeric’s immunostimulatory potential. The hepatosomatic index decreased by (1.3 ± 0.2% vs. 1.4 ± 0.2%; p = 0.038), suggesting increased metabolic efficiency. These findings highlight 1.0% turmeric as the optimal dosage, offering a sustainable strategy to augment aquaculture productivity while reducing reliance on antibiotics

2025-10

Science Journal of University of Zakho (Issue : 1) (Volume : 13)

USING INFRARED THERMOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO CONVENTIONAL RECTAL THERMOMETER IN SHEEP

This research was established to assess the precision of the infrared (IR) camera and thermometer... See more

This research was established to assess the precision of the infrared (IR) camera and thermometer in measuring different body regions of sheep. This study was undertaken in the animal farm at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The temperature was measured from the rectum using a digital thermometer. At the same time, the peripheral temperatures were measured from the ears, muzzle (MUZ), inner thigh (IT), inguinal region (ING), rectum, vulva, and five areas of the eyes, including nasal conjunctiva (NC), nasal limbus (NL), center cornea (CC), temporal limbus (TL), and temporal conjunctiva (TC) using IR thermometer and IR camera. The temperatures obtained from the IR thermometer were higher than those obtained from the digital thermometer. only NC temperature was found to be significantly (P< 0.05) higher than other eye regions, and rectal and vulva temperatures. IR thermal camera showed no significant differences in the eyes' NL, CC, TL, and TC regions compared to rectum and vulva temperatures using the digital thermometer. The muzzle temperature was significantly (P< 0.05) lower than all other body parts. In addition, the inner thigh, inguinal region, and ear temperatures were significantly (P< 0.05) higher than rectum and vulva temperatures. The rectum and vulva temperatures obtained from the IR thermometer were significantly higher (P< 0.05) than thermal camera and digital thermometer temperatures. In conclusion, thermal cameras as a non-invasive and accurate method can be an alternative temperature measuring method.

2025-01

Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine (Issue : 4) (Volume : 27)

MEASURING POSITIVE EMOTIONS IN FREE-RANGE SHEEP USING PERIPHERAL TEMPERATURES, FACIAL ACTION UNITS AND EAR POSTURES.

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of stroking ewes' body as... See more

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of stroking ewes' body as a positive emotional stimulant on peripheral temperatures, facial action units and ear postures. Thirty-eight healthy ewes were included in the current study. The animals were stroked individually on neck, withers and forehead. Then the procedure was divided into three stages: pre-stroking, stroking and post-stroking with five minutes each. Peripheral temperatures were measured from eye, nose and ear using infrared thermal camera. Images were also captured to analyse facial units in studied sheep. For measuring head behaviours and ear postures, the ear change as a frequency per minute was measured at 30-second intervals for 15 respective minutes. During stroking, the temperature of eye, ear and nasal areas has significantly dropped (P<0.05), however it raised in eyes during the post-stroking period. Significant differences (P<0.05) were also found between pre-stroking and post-stroking phases in ear and nose temperatures. For facial units, significant differences (P<0.05) were found between prestroking, compared to stroking and post-stroking phases for all five facial units. In addition, the total facial action score was significantly (P<0.05) higher during the stroking and post-stroking phases, compared to the pre-stroking phase. Results obtained from ear positions showed that the time spent with ears in plane position had significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the stroking phase compared to pre- and post-stroking phases. In addition, ewes spent more time with their ears backward (P<0.05) during stroking in comparison to pre- and post-stroking phases. No significant differences were found in asymmetrical and forward ear postures. In comparison to the pre-stroking stage, the number of ear position change was not significantly increased during stroking, however, it increased considerably (P<0.05) in the post-stroking period. From this study, it was concluded that stroking ewes' body parts improved significantly the positive emotional state in healthy animals.

2024-12

Iraqi Journal of Aquaculture (Issue : 2) (Volume : 21)

Seasonal effects of protein levels on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) body composition

This study evaluated the growth performance and feed utilisation of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed... See more

This study evaluated the growth performance and feed utilisation of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed diets with varying protein levels across summer (June-August) and winter (December-February). During these periods, fish were acclimated to temperatures of 25.3 C in summer and 18.7 C in winter. Four dietary treatments with protein levels of 30%, 28%, 26%, and 35% were tested on 900 juvenile carp per group. Significant differences (P< 0.05-0.001) were found in daily feed consumed (DFC), total feed consumed (TFC), daily protein consumed (DPC), and total protein consumed (TPC) across treatments and seasons. Higher protein diets (28% and 35%) led to better growth in both seasons. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein utilisation (NPU) were highest at 26% protein, indicating optimal protein utilisation. Specific growth rate (SGR), metabolic growth rate (MGR), and condition factor (FCF) were significantly higher with the 28% protein diet in summer, aligning with improved feed efficiency ratio (FER) and PER. These results highlight the importance of protein optimisation for season-specific growth, driven by temperature-dependent metabolic processes, essential for sustainable carp aquaculture.

2024-12

Aquatic Science and Fish Resources (ASFR) (Issue : 1) (Volume : 5)

Origin, Physical Properties, biodegradation, and Potential Effects of Microplastics on Aquaculture

Micro-plastic pollution is a significant global concern that has far-reaching consequences for the environment and... See more

Micro-plastic pollution is a significant global concern that has far-reaching consequences for the environment and human activities, particularly aquatic ecosystems. Microplastics have become pervasive in all marine environments, from the surface waters to the deep ocean, even in remote regions. Their small size, lightweight nature and colorful appearance make them highly mobile and easily dispersed by wind and water currents. They enter the ocean through rivers, runoff, and atmospheric deposition. They are easily ingested by various species, from zooplankton to large fish and marine mammals. Consequently, the production of these compound pollutants may also find its way into the food chains of aquatic life and, after an extended period of enrichment, into the human body. Furthermore, cumulative harmful effects of compound pollution on human health and the natural environment are a result. The accumulation of microplastics in their organs can disrupt physiological functions, cause behavioral changes, and impair growth and reproduction. Addressing this problem requires global cooperation and a multifaceted approach to reduce plastic production and better manage plastic waste.

2024-11

Science Journal of University of Zakho (Issue : 1) (Volume : 12)

USING SHEEP FACIAL GRIMACE SCALE, INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY AND CORTISOL HORMONE TO MEASURE PAIN IN SHEEP INFECTED WITH MASTITIS DISEASE

The purpose of this study was to apply sheep pain facial expression scales (SPFES) to... See more

The purpose of this study was to apply sheep pain facial expression scales (SPFES) to sheep infected with mastitis, measuring peripheral temperatures and serum cortisol hormone. Twenty-three healthy ewes and 23 infected ewes with clinical mastitis were included in this research from January 2022 to April 2023. Images were taken from each ewe to detect facial grimace scales of ewes. Nasal, eye and ear temperatures were collected using infrared thermal imaging camera. Moreover, serum cortisol hormone was collected from the blood. It was found that there was a significant decrease (p<0.01) in nasal, eye and ear temperatures of infected ewes in comparison to healthy ewes. Additionally, cortisol hormone was found significantly (p<0.01) higher in infected ewes at day 1 and day 7 compared to non-infected animals. The changes in facial expressions for all the determined five regions were significantly (p<0.01) different than healthy ewes. The total pain score was significantly (p<0.05) higher on day 1 and day 7, compared to healthy ewes. It was concluded that sheep facial grimace scale was a useful and practical tool for measuring pain in sheep. In addition, cortisol from the serum and peripheral temperatures were found to be useful pain indicators.

2024-02

Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science (Issue : 4) (Volume : 29)

Can facial expressions and infrared thermography be used to measure positive emotions in goats?

No study yet is undertaken to measure positive emotions in goats by stroking their body.... See more

No study yet is undertaken to measure positive emotions in goats by stroking their body. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the effect of stroking goats’ body as high valence and low arousal emotional state on facial grimace scale, ear postures and surface temperatures. The study lasted 10 months from September 2021 to May 2022. Thirty-two healthy goats were used in this study. Goats were stroked in three areas including forehead, neck and withers. The process was divided into three stages, which were pre-stroking, stroking, and post-stroking with five minutes for each stage. Results indicated that there were significant differences (P < 0.01) between all face units measured, except the ear position. In addition, significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in the positions of forward, backward and asymmetrical ears, while time spent with plane ears was not significant. Similarly, there were significantly (P < 0.05) higher ear position changes during both stroking and post-stroking periods, compared to pre-stroking stage. The stroking procedure had a significant effect (P < 0.05) only on eye and nasal temperatures during stroking and post-stroking stages compared to the stage before stroking, whereas no significant effect was found on the ear temperature. It was concluded that facial expressions and peripheral temperatures are vital indicators in measuring positive emotional valence in goats.

2023-08

Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Gongxueban)/Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition) (Issue : 1) (Volume : 42)

DETERMINING A PAIN CAUSED BY FOOT ROT DISEASE IN GOATS USING FACIAL EXPRESSIONS, PERIPHERAL TEMPERATURES AND CORTISOL HORMONE

No study is undertaken to establish a face grimace scale for goats. Therefore, the present... See more

No study is undertaken to establish a face grimace scale for goats. Therefore, the present study was designed to measure facial expressions, peripheral temperatures and cortisol hormone of goats affected with foot rot disease. Forty goats (20 healthy and 20 infected) were used in this study. Two images were captured from each animal to detect facial grimace scale of goats. Eye, ear and nasal temperatures were measured using infrared thermal camera. In addition, cortisol hormone was obtained from blood serum. Results revealed that there was a significant drop (P<0.01) in eye, ear and nasal temperatures of infected goats compared to healthy animals. In addition, cortisol hormone was significantly (P<0.01) higher in infected animals at day 1 and day 7. The changes in facial expressions were significantly (P<0.01) different than healthy animals, except for the cheek (masseter) muscle. The total pain score was significantly (P<0.01) higher in day 1 and day 7, compared to healthy animals. Sensitivity of facial grimace scale was 0.75 and 1-specificity was 0.35. It was concluded that using changes in facial expressions in goats is a good tool for detecting pain.

2023-01

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Publications (Issue : 8) (Volume : 4)

Evaluation of Cytogenotoxic Effect of Brilliant Blue FCF on Allium cepa Root Tip

Effect of the synthetic food colorant brilliant blue FCF was tested on Allium cepa root... See more

Effect of the synthetic food colorant brilliant blue FCF was tested on Allium cepa root tip meristematic cells. The concentrations of brilliant blue FCF used were: zero%(control), 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 300 mg/L, and 500 mg/L with two different time of exposure: 10, and 20 hours. The results revealed that increasing the dose concentration resulted in the inhibition of root growth up to 78.67% at 500 mg/L of brilliant blue FCF. The mitotic index decreased with increasing the concentration of the tested material and increasing exposure period from 8.95% in the control to 3.34% in 500 mg/L for 10 hours and from 9.44% in control to 2.95% in 500 mg/L for 20 hours. The mitotic abnormalities like laggard chromosomes, C-mitosis, multipolar anaphase, sticky metaphase, star-shaped anaphase, sticky anaphase, chromosome loss, chromosome fragments, and disturbed anaphase were increased with increasing brilliant blue FCF concentration and increasing time of exposure as compared with the control. The total abnormal cells were zero in the control group increased to 54 in 500 mg/L concentration after 10 hours, this value increased to 99 after 20 hours of treatment.

2022-01

Science Journal of University of Zakho (Issue : 1) (Volume : 9)

Pain Caused by Ear Tagging in Kids of Native Black Goats

There is no study about changes in behaviour and peripheral temperature of kid goats undergoing... See more

There is no study about changes in behaviour and peripheral temperature of kid goats undergoing ear tagging procedure. This study was designed to elucidate that pain caused by ear tagging affects peripheral temperatures and behavioural observations in Karadi kid goats. Nineteen native black goat kids, aged 10–14 days, were used in this study. Eye and nasal temperatures were recorded before the ear tagging process, and after ear tagging 5 periods in 30 minutes. Besides, the researchers observed each kid's behaviour for 30 minutes before ear tagging and 30 minutes after it, using focal sampling method and the data recorded with instantaneous time sampling to measure the duration and frequency of each behaviour of the kids. Results revealed that peripheral temperatures were significantly decreased for both eye (P≤ 0.01) and ear (P≤ 0.01) after ear tagging. The temperatures of both eye and ear decreased after tagging significantly (P≤ 0.01) for 30 minutes. The proportion of time kid goats spent normal standing and suckling the dam’s teat decreased whereas the proportion of time spent head-shaking increased after tagging. Significant differences were found between abnormal standing (P≤ 0.01) and vocalization (P≤ 0.01). It is concluded that ear tagging causes a considerable pain in kid goats and using surface temperatures and behaviour are useful indicators to approve it.

2021-03

Journal of Civil Engineering Frontiers (Issue : 1) (Volume : 1)

University Students' Attitudes Towards Animal Welfare in Duhok Zoo

Here in Kurdistan Region of Iraq, particularly in Duhok zoo, animal welfare is mostly neglected.... See more

Here in Kurdistan Region of Iraq, particularly in Duhok zoo, animal welfare is mostly neglected. Animals are not treated normally. As far as the author is aware, there is no study undertaken to understand the students or public attitudes toward animals in Duhok zoo. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of the students of the University of Zakho, Faculty of Sciences, Departments of Environmental Sciences, and Biology about animal welfare concerns of Duhok Zoo. The study was undertaken at University of Zakho, Faculty of Sciences. Two hundred questionnaires were divided into the students of both Environmental Sciences and Biology Departments. The questionnaire comprised of 15 questions with 3 sections, which were: first, students identification including name, age, and sex. Second, information on animal welfare, and the last one was recording their opinions on the questionnaire. With each question, students had chosen one of the following opinions: Completely Disagree, Somewhat Disagree, Neither Disagree nor Agree, Somewhat Agree, and Completely Agree. All participants agreed to answer the questionnaire voluntarily. Results revealed that most of the students were of opinion that Duhok zoo should be improved; in addition, most of them were entirely or somewhat disagreed that Duhok zoo is acceptable in general. They had an agreement with the idea that there should be educational programs inside the zoo, and in addition, the zoo does not cover environmental needs for the most, if not all, captive animals. Students were also agreed that there should be conservation programs to conserve captive animals, especially endangered and rare species. However, almost all of the students did not want the zoo to be closed entirely. According to the findings of the students' attitudes obtained, it can be concluded that the zoological park of Duhok city has many shortages regarding the welfare of animals in dealing with their captive animals.

2020-09

International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences (Issue : 4) (Volume : 7)

Effect of Different Stocking Densities on Behavior of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

An experiment was conducted to checking up the effects of overcrowding on common carp Cyprinus... See more

An experiment was conducted to checking up the effects of overcrowding on common carp Cyprinus carpio prosperity using their behavior. Nine concrete ponds were used with three replication ponds for each density (3.6 m length, 2.7 m width, 1.00 m depth and 0.80 m water level) with water volume (7.776 m 3 ) for each pond. Number of fishes per each pond was 4 (low density), 8 (medium density) and 12 (high density), weighing 1000 g. Water volume for each fish in ponds was (1.944 m 3 , 0.972 m 3 , 0.648 m 3 respectively). Fish behavior was recorded by immediate sampling with frequency and duration. Each pond was observed directly on the front of pond. Results exposed that there was a significant difference (P<0.01) of time spent feeding between treatments. In addition, a significant difference (P<0.01) was found in resting time between treatments besides there was a worthy of difference of swimming time between different stocking densities. Time spent in swimming was recorded for high stocking density fishes more than other groups significantly (P<0.01), and significantly less time spent resting. Air breathing had significantly (P<0.01) for higher stocking density more than other stocking densities. In high stocking density all aggressive behaviors were found to be more significantly; bites and attacks (P<0.05), threatening and submission (P<0.01). It's not recommend to stock less than two fishes per meter for carp at concrete ponds.

2020-08

Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Issue : 1) (Volume : 32)

Changes in Ear Postures of Kid Goats in Response to Ear Tagging

No study yet is undertaken to measure pain caused by ear tagging in kid goats... See more

No study yet is undertaken to measure pain caused by ear tagging in kid goats using ear postures. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of ear tagging procedure on pain in black Karadi kids using ear position and frequency of ear changes. Twenty black Karadi kids, aged 10-14 days, were used in this study. Ear postures were scored using focal sampling and recorded with instantaneous time sampling to measure the duration of each ear posture. Each kid was observed separately for 6 minutes before and 6 minutes after the ear tagging process with 30 seconds intervals. A total of 24 ear posture samples were recorded from each kid. Results revealed that Ear tagging significantly increased ears backward (P< 0.01) and decreased ears plane (P< 0.001). However, no significant effect of ear tagging was found on ears forward (P< 0.19) and asymmetrical postures (P< 0.43). In addition, number of ear posture changes was significantly (P< 0.001) increased after ear tagging. It was concluded that observing ear postures of kids directly after painful husbandry procedures such as ear tagging is a reliable non-invasive method to assess pain caused by these painful methods and hence helps better understands animal welfare.

2019-05

Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Issue : 2) (Volume : 31)

Using Eye and Nasal Temperatures to Measure Positive Emotions in Free-Range Hamdani Sheep

The present study was designed to measure both eye and nasal temperatures by stroking the... See more

The present study was designed to measure both eye and nasal temperatures by stroking the animals’ body to determine positive emotional state in free-range Hamdani ewes. Twenty Hamdani ewes, aging 2 – 4 years, were used in this study. Focal sampling was used to collect data. Data were collected from both nose and eyes of animals. A total of 1680 temperature data, an average of 84 data from each ewe, were collected from all twenty ewes throughout the study. Ewes were stroked at the forehead, withers and neck for five minutes, temperature data were collected twice before, twice during and twice after stroking for both eyes and nose. Results revealed that there was a significant difference in eye temperature (P<0.01) as well as nasal temperature (P<0.05) between the three stages. Both eye and nasal temperatures were decreasing over time. In addition, the mean eye and nasal temperatures for all stopwatches were highly correlated (r = 0.94). From this study it could be concluded that peripheral (eye and nose) temperatures offer a useful understanding of changes in emotional valence in ewes.

2019-02

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Issue : 1) (Volume : 454)

A Comparison of water quality between well and spring samples selected from Soran District, Northern Erbil Governorate, Kurdistan Region–Iraq

Water samples from twenty wells and twenty springs were assessed to determine whether samples from... See more

Water samples from twenty wells and twenty springs were assessed to determine whether samples from springs and wells have similar concentrations of selected characteristics, including electrical conductivity (EC), total alkalinity (TA), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, Sulphate (SO42−) Nitrate (NO3-), total hardness (TH), magnesium (Mg2+) and Calcium (Ca2+). Comparisons were made between concentrations of chemical and Physical characteristics in water samples from springs and wells within the same aquifer. Samples were collected monthly from the wells and springs during March 2017 to February 2018. The samples were tested for chemical and Physical characteristics according to the standard methods of American Public Health Association. There were significant differences between all data selected from springs and wells except Mg and DO. In addition, no significant difference was found between the mean pH values. The results indicated that the water samples lie within the permissible limits as compared with WHO (World Health Organization) for drinking uses, however some samples of water are without the permissible limit such as EC, TDS, and TH. The spring water samples were found to be better than well water samples. The results showed that eight wells and four springs' water samples requires treatment for drinking uses.

2018-12

Science Journal of University of Zakho (Issue : 4) (Volume : 5)

Effect of Using Two Music Types on Non-Pregnant Non-Lactating Arabi Ewes Behaviour As a Tool for Welfare Improvement

The present study was designed to determine whether playing two music types will improve the... See more

The present study was designed to determine whether playing two music types will improve the behaviour of non-pregnant, non-lactating Arabi sheep. Thirty Arabi ewes, aged 2 – 3 years, were included in the study. Ewes were divided into three groups, 10 ewes each. The groups were: Control (with no music exposure); Classic music exposure and Fast music exposure. The sound level for classic and fast music groups was 80 dB with the frequency of 1 KHz. The behavioural data were collected using direct observations for six respective days. Results revealed that using music, both classic and fast, significantly decreased the frequency of aggressive behaviours (P < 0.001), vocalization (P < 0.01), defecation (P < 0.05) and walking behaviour (P < 0.05). In addition, there were significant effects of music on the average time spent standing (P < 0.01), lying and feeding (P < 0.001). Whereas no significant difference was found in the average time spent drinking. It was shown that there were significant differences in time spent lying (P < 0.01) and time spent feeding (P < 0.01) over time. Finally, there was a significant difference in the proportion of time spent lying (P < 0.001) as well as in the proportion of time spent feeding between control and music groups (P < 0.01). From this study, it can be concluded that exposing non-pregnant, non-lactating ewes to classical music is beneficial for ewes’ welfare, due to the reduction of aggressive behaviour.

2017-12

Thesis

2024

Measuring of Pain and Positive Emotions in Ewes and Does

PhD Thesis

2025

2015-09-21

USING INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY, BEHAVIOURAL OBSERVATIONS AND SALIVARY CORTISOL FOR ASSESSMENT OF PAIN CAUSED BY CASTRATION IN LAMBS

MSc Dissertation

2015

Conference

1st international agr sciences conference

2019-11

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT STOCKING DENSITIES ON COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO) BEHAVIOUR IN DUHOK-KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ

This study was designed to elucidate the effect of three stocking densities on Common carp welfare using their behaviour. Three concrete ponds were used (Control, LowSD and HighSD). Number of fishes per pond were 8,... See more

This study was designed to elucidate the effect of three stocking densities on Common carp welfare using their behaviour. Three concrete ponds were used (Control, LowSD and HighSD). Number of fishes per pond were 8, 4 and 12 for Control, LowSD and HighSD, respectively. Fish behaviour was recorded by direct observations. Each pond was observed directly on the front of pond and daily for 6 respective days. Results revealed that there was a significant difference of time spent feeding between treatments (P < 0.01). In addition, a significant difference was found in resting time (P < 0.01) between treatments as well as there was a considerable difference of swimming time (P < 0.01) between different stocking densities. HighSD fishes spent more their time in swimming than other groups significantly (P < 0.01), and significantly less time spent resting (P < 0.01). The higher stocking density had significantly (P < 0.01) more air breathing than other stocking densities. All aggressive behaviours were found to be significantly more in HighSD; bites and attacks (P < 0.05), and threatening and submission (P < 0.01). No concrete conclusion can be made from this work but low stocking density is not recommended.

The 3rd international agicultural conference

2019-10

Pain caused by ear tagging in kid goats

The normal behaviour of goat kids is influenced by painful husbandry procedures such as ear tagging, with kids reducing peripheral temperature and increase restlessness. The present study was designed to elucidate that pain caused by... See more

The normal behaviour of goat kids is influenced by painful husbandry procedures such as ear tagging, with kids reducing peripheral temperature and increase restlessness. The present study was designed to elucidate that pain caused by ear tagging affects peripheral temperatures and behavioural observations in Karadi kid goats. Nineteen native black goat kids, aged 10-14 days, were used in this study. Eye and nasal temperatures were recorded before ear tagging process (control) and after ear tagging 5 times in 30 minutes. In addition, the behaviour of each kid was observed for 30 minutes before and 30 minutes after ear tagging using focal sampling recorded with instantaneous time sampling to measure the duration and frequency of each behaviour of the kids. Results revealed that peripheral temperatures were significantly decreased for both eye (P<0.01) and ear (P<0.01) after ear tagging. The temperatures of both eye and ear increased directly after tagging and then decreased significantly (P<0.01) for 30 minutes. The proportion of time kid goats spent normal standing and suckling the dam’s teat decreased whereas the proportion of time spent head shaking increased after tagging. In addition, abnormal standing was seen after ear tagging which was absent before the process of tagging. Significant differences were found between abnormal standing (P<0.01) and vocalization (P<0.01). While the differences between suckling, normal standing and head shaking were not significant. It is concluded that ear tagging causes a considerable pain in kid goats.

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

2018-12

A Comparison of water quality between well and spring samples selected from Soran District, Northern Erbil Governorate, Kurdistan Region–Iraq

Water samples from twenty wells and twenty springs were assessed to determine whether samples from springs and wells have similar concentrations of selected characteristics, including electrical conductivity (EC), total alkalinity (TA), total dissolved solids (TDS),... See more

Water samples from twenty wells and twenty springs were assessed to determine whether samples from springs and wells have similar concentrations of selected characteristics, including electrical conductivity (EC), total alkalinity (TA), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, Sulphate (SO42-) Nitrate (NO3-), total hardness (TH), magnesium (Mg2+) and Calcium (Ca2+). Comparisons were made between concentrations of chemical and Physical characteristics in water samples from springs and wells within the same aquifer. Samples were collected monthly from the wells and springs during March 2017 to February 2018. The samples were tested for chemical and Physical characteristics according to the standard methods of American Public Health Association. There were significant differences between all data selected from springs and wells except Mg and DO. In addition, no significant difference was found between the mean pH values. The results indicated that the water samples lie within the permissible limits as compared with WHO (World Health Organization) for drinking uses, however some samples of water are without the permissible limit such as EC, TDS, and TH. The spring water samples were found to be better than well water samples. The results showed that eight wells and four springs’ water samples requires treatment for drinking uses.

Presentation

English Language at Writtle University College, UK

2014

ئەز Nizar Jalal Hussein

Lecturer

Lecturer

Specialties

زانیاری گشتی

ژمارەی ناسنامە

کۆلێژ

بەش

نەتەوە

1

16

2

10

0

3

4

1

Education

PhD Behavior and Ecology

2024

MSc Animal Welfare and Conservation

2015

BSc Animal Production

2011

بەستەرەکانی سۆشیاڵ و لێكۆڵینەوە

Membership

2020

2020-05-01,current

Reviewer

2012

2012-02-03,current

Member

Academic Title

Lecturer

Assistant Lecturer

Assistant Researcher

Awards

Thanks-giving letter/ Edupreneuership

2019-07

UOZ

Published Journal Articles

Science Journal of University of Zakho (Issue : 4) (Volume : 13)

DIETARY TURMERIC (Curcuma longa) ENHANCES GROWTH, ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE, AND IMMUNITY IN Cirrhinus mrigala

Science Journal of University of Zakho (Issue : 1) (Volume : 13)

USING INFRARED THERMOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO CONVENTIONAL RECTAL THERMOMETER IN SHEEP

Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine (Issue : 4) (Volume : 27)

MEASURING POSITIVE EMOTIONS IN FREE-RANGE SHEEP USING PERIPHERAL TEMPERATURES, FACIAL ACTION UNITS AND EAR POSTURES.

Iraqi Journal of Aquaculture (Issue : 2) (Volume : 21)

Seasonal effects of protein levels on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) body composition

Aquatic Science and Fish Resources (ASFR) (Issue : 1) (Volume : 5)

Origin, Physical Properties, biodegradation, and Potential Effects of Microplastics on Aquaculture

Science Journal of University of Zakho (Issue : 1) (Volume : 12)

USING SHEEP FACIAL GRIMACE SCALE, INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY AND CORTISOL HORMONE TO MEASURE PAIN IN SHEEP INFECTED WITH MASTITIS DISEASE

Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science (Issue : 4) (Volume : 29)

Can facial expressions and infrared thermography be used to measure positive emotions in goats?

Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Gongxueban)/Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition) (Issue : 1) (Volume : 42)

DETERMINING A PAIN CAUSED BY FOOT ROT DISEASE IN GOATS USING FACIAL EXPRESSIONS, PERIPHERAL TEMPERATURES AND CORTISOL HORMONE

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Publications (Issue : 8) (Volume : 4)

Evaluation of Cytogenotoxic Effect of Brilliant Blue FCF on Allium cepa Root Tip

Science Journal of University of Zakho (Issue : 1) (Volume : 9)

Pain Caused by Ear Tagging in Kids of Native Black Goats

Journal of Civil Engineering Frontiers (Issue : 1) (Volume : 1)

University Students' Attitudes Towards Animal Welfare in Duhok Zoo

International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences (Issue : 4) (Volume : 7)

Effect of Different Stocking Densities on Behavior of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Issue : 1) (Volume : 32)

Changes in Ear Postures of Kid Goats in Response to Ear Tagging

Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Issue : 2) (Volume : 31)

Using Eye and Nasal Temperatures to Measure Positive Emotions in Free-Range Hamdani Sheep

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Issue : 1) (Volume : 454)

A Comparison of water quality between well and spring samples selected from Soran District, Northern Erbil Governorate, Kurdistan Region–Iraq

Science Journal of University of Zakho (Issue : 4) (Volume : 5)

Effect of Using Two Music Types on Non-Pregnant Non-Lactating Arabi Ewes Behaviour As a Tool for Welfare Improvement

Thesis

2024

Measuring of Pain and Positive Emotions in Ewes and Does

2015-09-21

USING INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY, BEHAVIOURAL OBSERVATIONS AND SALIVARY CORTISOL FOR ASSESSMENT OF PAIN CAUSED BY CASTRATION IN LAMBS

Conference

1st international agr sciences conference