ئەز   Radhwan Fareeq Hussein

Statistical analysis of dew point temperature and other meteorological parameters are very important for climatic variability. Seasonal and annual data of dew point temperature for some meteorological stations in Kurdistan region of Iraq were analyzed to determine their magnitude and trends using statistical linear regression method with (SPSS) program and the inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation method of (ArcGIS). The spatial analysis shows that seasonally the highest and lowest values were recorded at Erbil and Amedi stations of (13.41 oC, -1.39 oC) at summer and winter seasons respectively, and for mean annual variation the maximum and minimum mean values of dewpoint also recorded at Erbil and Amedi stations of (9.02 oC, 2.61 oC), respectively. Temporally, the seasonal dewpoint temperature trends have positive variation at most of stations, while in Duhok, Zakho and Pirmam stations have negative trend value at summer season. Seasonally, Kalar station has maximum positive trend with value of (0.741 oC/year), on the other hand, the minimum dewpoint trend of (-0.292 oC/year) detected at Pirmam station. The annual trends were positive at all of stations in study area with significance correlation for most stations, the highest and lowest increasing trend were recorded at Kalar and Duhok stations of (0.361 oC/year, 0.071 oC/year) respectively.

This research was designed to assess the level of awareness and knowledge of local residents concerning Solid Waste Management [SWM] in Duhok, Iraq. Primary data were collected from local residents through interview and questionnaire. A total of 60 questionnaires were completed by the respondents that were randomly selected. In order to determine whether the trash could be recycled, the study goal was to define the household solid wastes produced by the neighborhood, and to use this solid waste to produce energy i.e. waste to energy technology. The outcomes of a research done in a neighborhood of the Iraqi city of Duhok are presented in this study. In order to determine whether the trash could be recycled, the study's goal was to define the household solid wastes produced by the neighborhood. The outcomes are used to assess the recycling potential in other towns that are comparable to the one under study. These neighborhoods are situated in the city's most active and recent growing area. The goal of the current study was to estimate the volume and quality of municipal solid trash generated in Duhok City in 2022. The samples were gathered from various city neighborhoods and residences. The income levels of the participants in the generation of municipal solid waste were considered. The generation of solid trash in Duhok city still Food (51 %) of the solid waste produced, followed by (24 %) plastics.

The spatial and temporal analysis of Relative humidity is very important for climatic variability. Seasonal and annual data for 8 meteorological stations in the Kurdistan region of Iraq (1992-2020) were analyzed to determine the significant trends and magnitude of RH using the Mann-Kendall test and Sens slope with the GIS interpolation method. The spatial analysis shows that the highest values were recorded at the Pirmam station with values of (71.40%) and (52.91%) in the winter season and annual data respectively, while the lowest value was recorded at Akre station of (19.21%) and (41.83%) in summer season and annual data respectively. According to the temporal variations of RH, the significant decreasing trends are found at Akre station at the different confidence levels with the lowest value of (-0.996%/yr) at the 95% confidence level during the winter season. However, in the Erbil, Chamchamal, and Sulaymaniyah stations, substantial positive increasing trends were identified, Chamchamal station has the highest value of (0.780 %/yr) at the 95% confidence level in the winter season. The annual RH trends indicated that Akre, Duhok, Erbil, Chamchamal, and Sulaymaniyah revealed significant increasing and decreasing trends at different confidence levels, Akre station has the maximum dropping trend with the value of (-0.858 %/yr), on the other hand, the maximum rising RH trends of (0.500%/yr) detected at Chamchamal station.