2024-07

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences (القضية : 2) (الحجم : 16)

Synthetic food dyes have garnered significant attention due to potential health risks, including cytotoxicity, allergenicity, and even carcinogenicity observed in animal models. Given the widespread use of artificial food dyes in the food industry and potential concerns regarding their safety, this investigation could explore the influence of a lemon-flavored food dye on Allium cepa L.. Onion root tip meristems were exposed to various concentrations (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%) of food dye in aqueous solutions for 24 hours at room temperature. A concentration-dependent detrimental effect was observed on all evaluated morphological parameters, including root number, root length, dry weight, and wet weight, with the control group exhibiting the highest values and the 2% treatment group displaying the lowest. Mitotic analysis revealed normal cell division in the control group, but increasing food dye concentrations induced a spectrum of chromosomal aberrations, suggesting disruption of spindle fibers and chromosome cohesion defects. The control group displayed the highest mitotic index (MI) of 9.2, with a positive correlation observed between increasing food dye concentration and the frequency of mitotic abnormalities (0.3 in control vs. 16.8 at 2% treatment). The most prevalent abnormality was multipolar anaphase (5.4 at 2% treatment), while anaphase bridge displayed the lowest incidence (1.7 at 2% treatment). This is evidenced by the significant decrease in root growth parameters (length and number) and (MI), a key indicator of cell division activity. Furthermore, the observed chromosomal aberrations, including sticky metaphase, C-mitosis, laggard chromosomes, anaphase bridges, and multipolar anaphase, are strong indicators of potential genotoxicity.

2023-11

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences (القضية : 11100222) (الحجم : 55)

MILK contains a protein called kappa-casein, which controls the function and size of milk micelles as well as their ability to form and stabilize. Kappa-Casein gene (CSN3) polymorphisms were investigated in 70 Domestic (Native and Meriz goat) and Wild goat using the PCR-RFLP method and direct sequencing. CSN3-Hea III/RFLP revealed two homozygous genotypes AA and BB. For the AA and BB genotypes, the computed genotype frequencies were (0.87) and (0.13), respectively. The allelic frequency was 0.87 for the A allele and 0.13 for the B allele. The sequence data of CSN3 gene of Meriz and Wild goats revealed 2 SNPs in functional region, one SNP of Wild (ACC. No: OR050625.1), and one in Meriz goat (ACC. No: OR050626.1). In position 415 in Wild goat, the amino acid Methionine changed to Isoleucine by changing (ATG) to (ATA). On the other hand, the point mutation in Meriz goat at the positions 449 led to change amino acid Valine to Isoleucine by alternation (GTC) to (ATC). The PCR-RFLP and SNP analysis is a powerful tool for the genetic study of CSN3 variability in domestic and wild goats, allowing both the simultaneous identification of different alleles, and the detection of new variants. Establishing relationships between genotypes and both quantitative and qualitative milk qualities will require additional investigation.

2023-11

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences (القضية : 11100222) (الحجم : 55)

MILK contains a protein called kappa-casein, which controls the function and size of milk micelles as well as their ability to form and stabilize. Kappa-Casein gene (CSN3) polymorphisms were investigated in 70 Domestic (Native and Meriz goat) and Wild goat using the PCR-RFLP method and direct sequencing. CSN3-Hea III/RFLP revealed two homozygous genotypes AA and BB. For the AA and BB genotypes, the computed genotype frequencies were (0.87) and (0.13), respectively. The allelic frequency was 0.87 for the A allele and 0.13 for the B allele. The sequence data of CSN3 gene of Meriz and Wild goats revealed 2 SNPs in functional region, one SNP of Wild (ACC. No: OR050625.1), and one in Meriz goat (ACC. No: OR050626.1). In position 415 in Wild goat, the amino acid Methionine changed to Isoleucine by changing (ATG) to (ATA). On the other hand, the point mutation in Meriz goat at the positions 449 led to change amino acid Valine to Isoleucine by alternation (GTC) to (ATC). The PCR-RFLP and SNP analysis is a powerful tool for the genetic study of CSN3 variability in domestic and wild goats, allowing both the simultaneous identification of different alleles, and the detection of new variants. Establishing relationships between genotypes and both quantitative and qualitative milk qualities will require additional investigation.

2022-08

Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine

In Iraq generally and Kurdistan region especially, goats are an important resource for meat and milk production. It is well known that growth hormone (GH) is involved in a variety of biological activities in livestock animals, including reproduction, growth, lactation, metabolism etc. The goal of this research was to reveal the polymorphism of GH gene in different Capra hircus breeds (native, Shami, Meriz and Kamori goat) and in wild mountain goat (Capra aegagrus) via PCR-RFLP technique and direct seqencing. GH1 (exon 2 and 3) and GH2 (exon 4) polymorphisms on the GH gene were investigated. In all breeds, GH1-Hae III/RFLP revealed only two genotypes (homozygous AA and heterozygous AB), with absent genotype BB. The genotype frequency was 0.886 for the AB genotype and 0.114 for the AA genotype; the allelic frequency was 0.558 for the A allele and 0.442 for the B allele. The average of observed heterozygosity was 0.882 and observed homozygosity was 0.118, indicating that the GH1 was polymorphic. The sequence data of GH1 gene of Meriz and wild goats revealed a SNP at the position 58 (C to T) of the wild goat that has led to a change in amino acid proline to serine. GH2 digestion by Hae III, on the other hand, was monomorphic with the CC homozygous genotype. The results of PCR-RFLP and SNP experiments from this investigation were evaluated as very useful in genotype analysis of local goat breeds/populations. Thus, DNA polymorphisms in the growth hormone gene could be used as reliable genetic markers in breeding programmes in this region.

2016-10

zanco juornal of pure and applied sciences

In this study, the genetic relatedness of five walnut populations in five different locations: Bedohe (Kanimase), kanizarke (Akre), kuzo (Zawita) , Kashane (Batifa) and Sharaneshe (Darkare) in Duhok Governorate-Kurdistan region/Iraq was analyzed using fifteen AFLP primers pairs. Similarity matrices were obtained based on the AFLP data to analyze genetic distance. Genetic diversity coefficient ranged from 0.1075 to 0.2540. The lowest genetic similarity was detected between sharansh and Akri (0.1075). The kanemas and Akri populations were most similar ones with coefficient of 0.2540. Clustering based on AFLP data for the five walnuts populations was identified at the 0.21 similarity level and two main clusters were identified, Cluster one included three populations: Akri, sharansh and bedoh; cluster two was composed of two populations: kanemas and Kuzo. Total generated bands screened from 15 primers were 517 bands for the five walnut populations with an average of 34.46 per primer, which 294 were polymorphic bands with an average of 19.6 polymorphic loci per primer.

2016-06

science journal of university of zakho

Fascioliasis caused by the liver flukes of the genus Fasciola is considered as the most significant Trematodes infection of ruminants in both temperate and tropical countries. In the present study fifty adult Fasciola flukes (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda: Digenia) were collected from the bile ducts and gallbladder of infected bovine hosts (cattle) slaughtered at Duhok abattoir, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Genomic DNA extraction was performed using a Genomic DNA Extraction kit. ITS-1 and ITS-2 ribosomal DNA sequences have been used to characterize these liver flukes as a specific marker. The PCR products were separated by electrophoresis in 1.5% agarose gel, visualized by staining with ethidium bromide, and photographed. ITS-2 marker for F. hepatica was amplified successfully and the length of produced band for ITS-2 was 330 bp. The present study is the first trail for molecular characterization of F. hepatica in cattle in Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq using the ITS-2 rDNA as a reliable genetic marker.

2015-09

science journal of university of zakho

Five microsatellites markers (WGA202, WGA009, WGA332, WGA225 and WGA069) were used to characterize Persian walnuts (Juglans regia L.) populations in five villages (Sharanesh, Bedohe, Kanizarke (Akre), Kashane and Kuzo) of Duhok province. The microsatellites amplified (PCR products) a total of 186 alleles across all populations. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 alleles in Sharanesh and Kashane populations to 10 alleles also in Sharanesh and Kashane populations, with an average of 7.4. The molecular sizes of the amplified bands ranged from 158 bp to 289 bp in all populations. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) within populations ranged from 0.59 at WGA225 to 0.65 in the locus WGA202 with an average of 0.61. The PIC value (0.88) indicated that all markers were highly informative and useful for genetic diversity studies in these populations. The proportion of genetic variation presented among populations accounted for 8.4% of the total genetic diversity so it indicated a moderate level of genetic diversity between populations. The Fis average 0.24 indicated that, there was a regular tendency toward heterozygote deficiency and indicated the presence of inbreeding within the populations. The phylogenetic analysis or unrooted neighbor-joining tree highlighted the genetic distance among those five populations and separated them into two main groups placing each population according to its genetic background. The first group consists of populations Bedohe and Sharanesh in one subgroup and Kashane in second subgroup. The second group consists of populations Akre and Kuzo.